1. leukocyte differentiation antigen and adhesion molecules
Chapter 7
leukocyte differentiation antigen and adhesion molecules
免疫细胞相互识别的物质基础是细胞表面功能分子，包括细胞表面的多种抗原、受体或其他分子
有些细胞表面功能分子通常也称为细胞表面标记（cell surface marker）

2. Section 1
Membrane functional molecules and human leukocyte differentiation antigen

3. 一. Membrane functional molecules
1. receptors——TCR, BCR, PRR, CKR, CR, NK cell receptor, Ig FcR
2. MHC molecules——class I MHC molecules,
class II MHC molecules
3. co-stimulators
4. CAM

4. 二.Human leukocyte differentiation antigen
（一）conception of leukocyte differentiation antigen :
refers to the membrane molecules of appearing and losing during blood cell differentiation
distribution：
basic structure：transmembrane/GPI（glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol）
classification：
IgSF, cytokine receptor family,
C type lectin superfamily, integrin family,
TNFSF,TNFRSF

5. （二）conception of CD（cluster of differentiation）:
refers to the identical human leukocyte differentiation antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies coming from difference laboratories
（三）classification of CD

7. 1. CD molecules related to T cells

8. 2. CD molecules related to B cell

9. 3. CD molecules as Fc receptor

10. Section 2 Adhesion Molecule

11. Conception of CAM（cell-adhesion molecules）
A cell surface molecule whose function is to promote adhesive interactions with other cells or the extra-cellular matrix（ECM）.

12. Classification of CAM 1）integrin family 2）selectin family
3）immunoglobulin supper family
4）mucin-like vascular addressin
5）calcium-dependent adhesion molecule family（Cadherin）
6）others

13. 一. integrin family 1. basic structure of integrin family:
+ chain(subunit):14/, 8/

14. 2 . composition of integrin family :（see table 7-3）
1）VLA（very late appearing antigen）group（1 group ）
VLA 1~6, etc.
VLA-4——VCAM-1（vascular cell adhesion molecule-1）
2）leucocyte adhesion receptor group（2 group ）
LFA-1（lymphocyte function associated antigen-1）
ligand: ICAM-1, 2, 3
function: lymphocyte homing and T activation
Mac-1,P150/95, etc.
3）platelet glycoprotein group（3 group ）
gp II b, etc.

15. 3.distribution of integrin family

16. 二. Selectin Family 1. basic structure of selectin family：
CL + EGF + CCP
CL is site of binding ligand

17. 2 . composition of selectin family:
L- Selectin（CD62L）——leukocyte
P- Selectin（CD62P）——platelet
E- Selectin （CD62E）——active endothelial cell
3. distribution of selectin family ：
leucocyte、platelet、endothelial cell
4. ligand of selectin family ：
sialy-lweisx（slex,CD15s）——leukocyte,
endothelial cell, some tumor cells

19. 三. Function of CAM
（一）co-receptor and co-stimulating signal when immune cell recognition
CD4/MHC II、 CD8/MHC I、CD28/CD80 or CD86、CD2/CD58、LFA-1/ICAM-1
（二）adhesion of leukocyte to vascular endothelium during inflammation
（三）lymphocyte homing

20. （一）co-receptor and co-stimulating signal

21. （二）adhesion of leukocyte to vascular endothelium during inflammation

23. （三）lymphocyte homing

24. Section 3 Clinical application of CD, CAM and their mAb

25. （一）elucidation disease mechanism:
CD4 + gp120 of HIV（human immunodeficiency virus） → AIDS（acquired immunodeficiency syndrom）
CD18 gene deficiency → LFA-1 deficiency → LAD（leukocyte adhesion deficiency） 阐明

26. （二） diagnosis disease：
normal:CD4:CD8=2:1
AIDS:CD4:CD8=1:2, CD4+T cells=200/uL
leukaemia：
CD3/4/8 mAb——immunofluorescence and/or flow cytometry

27. （三）therapy and prophylaxis disease：
CD3mAb, CD25mAb—inhibiting cellular immunity
transplant rejection reaction：HVGR（host versus graft reaction）
CD20mAb——NHL（non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma） 治疗