1. Government High School Assessment
Units 1 & 2 Government

2. Units 1 & 2 Government Principles of Government slides #3-#23
Forms of Government & Government Systems slides #24-#35
Historical Documents slides #36-#46

3. Principles of Government

4. Principles of Government
Popular Sovereignty
“The right of citizens…to vote shall not be denied…on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” th Amendment

5. Consent of the Governed
Principles of Government
Consent of the Governed
“That all Government of right originates from the People they have an inalienable right to alter reform or abolish it.”
-Constitution of Maryland

6. Principles of Government
Popular sovereignty
Consent of the Governed: the people agree to be governed in return for fair treatment.

7. Principles of Government
John Locke
Believed in Consent of the government because citizens can change the government if it doesn’t honor its side of the agreement.

8. Principles of Government
Republicanism
Leaders are freely and democratically elected by the people to govern
Representative Democracy also is called indirect democracy

9. Representative Democracy:
Principles of Government
Representative Democracy:
“The Government of the United States, then, is…truly a government of the people…its powers are granted for their benefit.” John Marshall, 1810

10. Principles of Government
Federalism
Powers of the government are divided between the national and state governments

11. Principles of Government
Federalism
The powers not delegated to the United States are reserved to the States, or to the people thereof.”
Article 3, Declaration of Rights, Constitution of Maryland

12. Federalism
Principles of Government

13. Principles of Government
Separation of Powers:
Government is divided into three branches: the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch

14. Separation of Powers Limits the power of each branch of government
Principles of Government
Separation of Powers
Limits the power of each branch of government

15. Principles of Government
Checks and Balances
Each of the three branches of government can limit the powers of the others. This way, no one branch becomes too powerful. Each branch “checks” the power of the other branches to make sure that the power is balanced between them.

16. Checks and Balances State Level Principles of Government
The Governor of Maryland vetoes a bill created by Maryland’s General Assembly

17. Checks and Balances National Level Principles of Government
A treaty signed by the President must be approved by two-thirds of the Senate before it can go into effect

18. Principles of Government
Limited Government:
The government’s powers are restricted in order to protect individual rights of the citizens

19. Limited Government Rule of Law: no one is above the law
Principles of Government
Limited Government
Rule of Law: no one is above the law
Even government officials have to obey the law

20. Principles of Government
Individual Rights
Creating an amendment proposing a ban on flag burning would violate a citizens individual rights
Protections that everyone is entitled to

21. Forms of Government & Government Systems

22. Forms of Government & Government Systems
Democracy
A form of government Abraham Lincoln was describing in the following quote: “…government of the people, by the people, for the people…”

23. Forms of Government & Government Systems
Direct Democracy
Direct democracy: type of government which allows citizens to have the greatest amount of political influence

24. Forms of Government & Government Systems
Democracy
Direct Democracy: All the citizens in a community take an equal role in local government by meeting to debate and vote on every law and political issue

25. Forms of Government & Government Systems
Democracy
Representative Democracy: citizens elect others to govern them
Example: an elected official proposes a bill in the state legislature

26. Authoritarian government: (Totalitarian system)
Forms of Government & Government Systems
Restrictions of personal freedoms
Freedom of speech is usually censored and controlled by the government
Government leaders decide what jobs people may have
Government leaders dictate what will be taught in schools
Local political officials take orders from national officials
Leaders do not follow rule of law
Political parties do not exist
Leaders are not chosen in open and fair elections

27. Forms of Government & Government Systems
Dictatorship
Government leaders rule with absolute authority
Unitary Government
Countries with a strong central government and limits the power of local governments.
Examples: Great Britain & Japan

28. Forms of Government & Government Systems
Federal
The national and state governments share responsibilities
Examples: United States & Mexico

29. Historical Documents

30. Of the Spirit of the Laws
Historical Documents
Of the Spirit of the Laws
“There is no liberty when the legislative power and the executive power are united in the same person or in the same body.”
Baron de Montesquieu,
The principle of Separation of Powers…

31. Historical Documents
Magna Carta
“No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned,…or outlawed, or banished, or in any way destroyed, unless by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land…”
Magna Carta 1215
The principle of Due Process

32. Historical Documents
Magna Carta
Magna Carta is important today because it established the idea that people have rights that the government cannot take away

33. Articles of Confederation
Historical Documents
Articles of Confederation
First plan of government for the United States, created a weak national government with little power over the states

34. Articles of Confederation
Historical Documents
Articles of Confederation
A weakness of the Articles of Confederation corrected by the US Constitution was allowing the national government the power to collect taxes

35. Declaration of Independence & U.S. Constitution
Historical Documents
Declaration of Independence & U.S. Constitution
A similarity between the United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence is that they both state that government gain authority from the people

36. Historical Documents
Bill of Rights
A list of freedoms that a government promises to protect

37. Historical Documents
Bill of Rights
Limits the power of the government