1. Evolution Review

2. #1
The result of genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments
Darwinism
Inheritance
Evolution

3. #2
No longer in existence
A. Extinct
B. Endangered
C. Adaptation

4. #3
change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment
Phenotype
Artificial Selection
Adaptation

5. #4
the accumulation of geological data that give us clues about the past and its taxonomic history
A. Fossil Record
B. Comparative Anatomy
C. Adaptive Radiation

6. #5
The comparison of the structure of one animal or plant with the structure of a different animal or plant. Compares similar body structures in different species in order to understand the adaptive changes they have undergone in the course of evolution
Comparative Embryology
Comparative Anatomy
Natural Selection

7. #6
Separation of populations of a species by means such as distance, mountains, rivers, oceans, etc. that lead to reproductive isolation of those populations.
Biodiversity
Geographic Isolation
Artificial Selection

8. #7
degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or on an entire planet.
Inheritance
Biodiversity
Speciation

9. The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution#8
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
Speciation
Adaptation
Naturalism

10. Comparison of the development of embryos of two or more species#9
Comparison of the development of embryos of two or more species
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Variation

11. #10
how DNA, RNA & proteins play a role in evolution. Organisms are similar but at a genetic level, differences are observed.
Fossil Record
Molecular Evidence
Fitness

12. different or distinct form or version of something
#11
different or distinct form or version of something
Homologous Structures
Artificial Selection
Variation

13. The set of genes possessed by an individual organism.
#12
The set of genes possessed by an individual organism.
Phenotype
Genotype
Anatomy

14. #13
An organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Fitness
Punctuated Equilibrium
Adaptive Radiation

15. #14
Physical characteristics. What an organism looks like as a consequence of the interaction of its genotype and the environment
Genotype
Phenotype
Vestigial Structures

16. Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures
#15
Nonfunctional remains of organs that were functional in ancestral species and may still be functional in related species.
Embryology
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Structures

17. #16
Acquiring traits/genes from one's parents. Traits such as eye color or hair color are passed from a parent through genes.
Inheritance
Natural Selection
Evolution

18. Homologous Structures Natural Structures
#17
Organs or limbs differ in form or function, but contain SAME basic structures
Vestigial Structures
Homologous Structures
Natural Structures

19. Punctuated Equilibrium Co-Evolution Extinction
#18
Long, stable periods of evolution interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change.
Punctuated Equilibrium
Co-Evolution
Extinction

20. #19
Process where two species evolve in response to changes in each other. Over time they become dependent upon one another
Co-Evolution
Di-Evolution
Tri-Evolution

21. #20
Species separated by geography, but living in similar conditions, evolve in similar ways.
Convergent Evolution
Geographic Isolation
MesoEvolution

22. Single species evolve into diverse forms living in different ways.
#21
Single species evolve into diverse forms living in different ways.
Co-evolution
Adaptive Radiation
Geographic Radiation

23. #22
Nature provides genetic variation and humans select desirable traits for further mating
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Convergent Selection

24. The name of Darwin’s book published in 1859 The Hunger Games
#23
The name of Darwin’s book published in 1859
The Hunger Games
On the Origin of Species
The H.M.S. Beagle

25. #24
In 1995, 15 iguanas of the species Iguana iguana floated to the Caribbean island of Anguilla on a tree uprooted by a hurricane. No other iguanas of that species existed on Anguilla. Scientists think that the iguanas came from the island of Guadeloupe, about 120 km southeast of Anguilla.
Which of the following factors has the most influence on whether the iguanas on Anguilla will become a separate species from the iguanas on Guadeloupe over time?
A. how long ago the island of Anguilla was formed
B. how much variation there is in the body size of the iguanas
C. how many base pairs are in the DNA sequence of the iguanas
D. how different the environment on Anguilla is from that on Guadeloupe

26. Darwin was a _________________who observed many species.
#25
Darwin was a _________________who observed many species.
Humanitarian
Naturalist
Biologist

27. Which of the following does not live in the Galapogas Islands?
#26
Which of the following does not live in the Galapogas Islands?
A. Blue Footed Boobie
B. Kiwi
C. Marine iguana

28. #27
Which of the following statements best explains why the chestnut-sided warbler, Dendroica pensylvanica, and the cerulean warbler, Dendroica cerulea, are classified as closely related species?
A. They eat the same types of insects.
B. They have similar DNA sequences.
C. They show similarities in their nesting behaviors.
D. They live in the same types of woodland habitats.

29. #28
The scientific name for the woodchuck is Marmota monax, and the scientific name for the long-tailed marmot is Marmota caudata. Which of the following statements describes the taxonomic relationship between the woodchuck and the long-tailed marmot?
A. They belong to different phyla.
B. They belong to the same genus.
C. They belong to the same species.
D. They belong to different families.

30. #29
Lobsters and spiders are both classified in the phylum Arthropoda. Lobsters and spiders are therefore also classified in the same
A. class.
B. family.
C. genus.
D. kingdom.

31. #30
Mocking jays and kingbirds are both classified in the order Passeriformes. In the current taxonomic system, this means that the two types of birds must also belong to the same
A. family.
B. genus.
C. phylum.
D. species.

32. #31
Which of the following is the best scientific evidence that mammals evolved from reptiles?
A. similarities in the diets of extinct reptiles and modern mammals
B. similarities in the average lifespans of modern reptiles and modern mammals
C. fossils of ancient reptiles and mammals that appear together in the same layers of rock
D. fossils that show gradual changes in skull shape from reptile-like organisms to mammal-like organisms

33. #32
The smooth-skinned, leaf-tailed gecko lives on Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa. The gecko hunts at night and sleeps on trees by day. The color and pattern of the gecko’s body resembles leaves. Which of the following statements best explains how the gecko’s unique body color and pattern evolved?
A. All the geckos needed to look like leaves in order to live in trees and therefore acquired the necessary trait.
B. Individuals with bodies that looked the most like leaves interbred only with other green or brown lizard species.
C. Gene sequences of all the geckos mutated to produce the leaf appearance when ancestral geckos moved from mud to trees.
D. Individuals with bodies that looked the most like leaves were better able than other individuals to avoid predators and passed on the trait.

34. #33
The scientific name for the cougar is Puma concolor. Which of the following organisms is most closely related to the cougar?
A. Corythaixoides concolor
B. Lynx rufus
C. Panthera tigris
D. Puma yagouaroundi

35. 34
Two groups of very similar-looking finches are found on the Galápagos Islands. One group of finches is found only on Floreana Island. The other group of finches is found on several of the islands, including Floreana Island. On Floreana Island, these two groups of finches do not interbreed. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this information? A. The two groups of finches have the same song. B. The two groups of finches are different species. C. The two groups of finches adapted to eat the same foods. D. The two groups of finches descended from different ancestors.

36. 35
Some areas of a forest contain rich soil, while in other areas the soil is poor. Plants of a certain species grow taller in the rich soil than in the poor soil. The taller plants receive more sunlight and are able to produce more offspring than the shorter plants. If these offspring grow in rich soil, they are tall, but if they grow in poor soil, they are short. Which of the following statements best explains why this situation is not an example of evolution by natural selection? A. The observed differences in plant height are not due to genetics. B. The differences in soil conditions do not affect all plants equally. C. The short plants and tall plants are not isolated enough from each other. D. The short plants are not accumulating gene mutations as quickly as the tall plants.

37. 36
The bones that make up the forelimbs of monkeys, cats, whales, and birds are similar. Which of the following statements best supports the evolutionary relationship of these animals?
A. The animals have different ancestries but have adapted to similar environments.
B. The animals share a common ancestry but have adapted to different environments.
C. The animals at one time lived in different environments but now share an environment.
D. The animals use their forelimbs for identical activities but live in different environments

38. 37
Scientists recovered the body of a woolly mammoth from the frozen soil of Siberia. The DNA sequence of the woolly mammoth was very similar to the DNA sequence of the African elephant. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this information? A. African elephants evolved directly from woolly mammoths. B. The woolly mammoth and the African elephant are not related C. Woolly mammoths had the same number of chromosomes as African elephants. D. The woolly mammoth and the African elephant should be classified as the same species.

39. 38
Which of the following characteristics is most useful when classifying a eukaryote into a kingdom? A. how the organism feeds B. how the organism moves C. the organism’s color and mass D. the organism’s form and structure

40. 39
According to plate tectonic theory, Australia was a part of the supercontinent Pangea. Millions of years ago Pangea divided, and eventually Australia was separated as its own continent. Which of the following is most likely a result of the isolation of the Australian continent for millions of years? A. Australia has no fossil record of species evolution. B. Australia has a large number of species that are not found anywhere else. C. Plant populations in Australia have all evolved to be self-pollinating to maximize their chance for reproduction. D. Animal populations in Australia have little genetic diversity and are less likely to survive environmental changes.

41. 40
European rabbits were introduced to Australia in The rabbits reproduced rapidly in their new habitat, displaced other animals, and overgrazed vegetation. In an attempt to reduce the rabbit population, a virus was introduced in This virus is usually deadly to European rabbits. When the virus was first introduced, the rabbits died in large numbers, but the death rate decreased over time. Which of the following best explains the decrease in the rabbit death rate? A. Young rabbits learned to avoid being infected with this virus. B. Natural selection favored rabbits that are resistant to this virus. C. The lifespan of this virus is too short to affect rabbits over a long period of time. D. The rabbits that were originally infected with this virus have been dead for many years.

42. 41
In a mouse population inhabiting a grassland area, a mutation occurs that results in a new coat color allele. Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on whether the new coat color will become more common in the mouse population? A. whether abundant food is available in the grassland B. whether the new coat color allele is dominant or recessive C. whether the rate of reproduction in the mouse population is stable D. whether the new coat color allele increases the survival of mice in their environment

43. 42
Some willow trees alter the chemical composition of their leaves when attacked by caterpillars. Compared to normal leaves, the chemically altered leaves are less nutritious and are more difficult for caterpillars to digest. Which of the following is a likely effect of this ability to alter leaf composition? A. Willow trees with this ability will attract more caterpillars than other willow trees. B. Willow trees with this ability will have a survival advantage over other willow trees. C. More butterflies will lay their eggs on willow trees with this ability than on other willow trees. D. Caterpillars that feed on willow trees with this ability will be larger than caterpillars on other willow trees.

44. 43
The larvae of the common sulphur butterfly can be light green or bright yellow. Birds prey on the larvae, which are found on the green leaves of alfalfa plants. Based on the theory of natural selection, which of the following would scientists expect to observe in populations of common sulphur butterfly larvae? A. All the green larvae develop yellow stripes before metamorphosis. B. All the yellow larvae and none of the green larvae are eaten by birds. C. The percentage of green larvae in the population is much greater than the percentage of yellow larvae. D. The percentages of green larvae and yellow larvae in the population remain equal for many generations.

45. 44
In which of the following taxonomic levels are animals most closely related to one another? A. class B. genus C. order D. phylum

46. 12. B – Genotype 13. A – Fitness 14. B – Phenotype 15
12. B – Genotype 13. A – Fitness 14. B – Phenotype 15. C – Vestigial Structures 16. A – Inheritance 17. B – homologous structures 18. A – Punctuated Equilibrium 19. A – Co-Evolution 20. B – Geographic Isolation 21. B – Adaptive Radiation 22. A – Artificial Selection 23. B – On the Origin of Species 24. D 25. B - Naturalist
1. C - Evolution 2. A – Extinct 3. C – adaptation 4. A – Fossil Record 5. B – Comparative Anatomy 6. B – Geographic Isolation 7. B – Biodiversity 8. A – Speciation 9. B – Comparative Embryology 10. B – Molecular Evidence 11. C – Variation

47. 38. D 39. B 40. B 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. B
26. B - Kiwi 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. A