1. Organic LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
Under The Kind Guidance of
PRESENTED BY
DEEPAK KUMAR
ECE- 7th sem
M.MOHANTY
Dept. of ECE
GEC ``BBSR``

2. CONTENT Introduction History Structure or Architecture of OLEDs
Working principle of OLEDs
Types of OLEDs
Advantage and Disadvantage of OLEDs
Upcoming future of OLEDs
Current Research on OLEDs
Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS AN OLED ?
OLED is solid state semiconductor device composed of thin films of organic molecules that creates Light with the application of electricity.
A device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or about 200 times smaller than a human hair.
It can be thinner and weight less than other display technologies.
It have a wide view angle(up to 160 degrees even in bright light).
It uses less power than conventional LEDs or LCDs display.

4. HISTORY OF OLED
In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first light emitting diodes from thin organic layers.
In 1988 Chihaya Adachi and Tetsuo Tsutsui developed first multi layered OLED .
In 1990 Germy Burroughes,Richar Friend and Donal Bradely developed first polymer based OLED(PLED).
In 1997 Teruo Tohma developed first passive matrix organic light emitting diode (PMOLED) .
In 1998 Mark Thompson and Stephen Forrest developed first phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED) .

5. OLED STRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE
SUBSTRATE: (clear plastic or glass foil) The substrate Supports the OLED.
ANODE : Adds electron when current flows through OLED
CATHODE: Injects electrons when current flows through OLED.
ORGANIC LAYER: Organic molecules or polymers.
CONDUCTING LAYER: This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport “holes” from the anode. polyaniline is used as conducting layer.
EMISSIVE LAYER: This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport “electron” from the cathode. polyfluorene is used as conducting layer.

6. HOW OLED WORK ?
When a voltage is applied to OLED, the holes and the electrons are generated from each of the two electrodes, which have a positive and negative electric charge respectively.
When they recombine in the emissive layer, organic materials make the emissive layer to turn into a high energy state termed “excitation”.
The light is emitted when the layer returns to its original stability

7. WHY OLED? TYPES OF OLEDs Lighting efficiency
Incandescent bulbs are inefficient
Fluorescent bulbs give off ugly light
LEDs (ordinary light emitting diodes) are bright points; not versatile
OLEDs may be better on all counts
Displays: Significant advantages over liquid crystals
Faster
Brighter
Lower power
Cost and design
LEDs are crystals; LCDs are highly structured;
OLEDs are not –Malleable; can be bent, rolled up, etc.
Easier to fabricate
In general, OLED research proceeds on many fronts
TYPES OF OLEDs
Passive-matrix OLED
Active-matrix OLED
Transparent OLED
Top-emitting OLED
Foldable OLED
White OLED

8. Active-Matrix OLED Passive-Matrix OLED
Perpendicular cathode/anode strip orientation
Light emitted at intersection (pixels)
External circuitry
Turns on/off pixels
Large power consumption
Used on 1-3 inch screens
Alphanumeric displays
Full layers of cathode, anode, organic molecules
Thin Film Transistor matrix (TFT) on top of anode
Internal circuitry to determine which pixels to turn on/off
Less power consumed then PMOLED
Used for larger displays

9. Transparent OLED Top-emitting OLED
Transparent substrate, cathode and anode.
Bi-direction light emission.
Passive or Active Matrix OLED.
Useful for heads-up display
Transparent projector screen
glasses
Non-transparent or reflective substrate.
Transparent Cathode.
Used with Active Matrix Device.
Smart card displays.

10. IN FUTURE OLED IS USED AS LIGHTING SOURCE :-
White OLED
IN FUTURE OLED IS USED AS LIGHTING SOURCE :-
Emits bright white light
Replace fluorescent lights
Reduce energy cost for lighting
True Color Qualities

11. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs.

12. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers.

13. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers.
Do not require backlighting like LCDs.

14. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers.
Do not require backlighting like LCDs.
Consume much less power , important for battery-operated
devices.

15. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers.
Do not require backlighting like LCDs.
Consume much less power , important for battery-operated
devices.
Easier to produce in larger sizes.

16. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner ,lighter and more flexible than crystalline layers of LEDs and LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to thinner organic layers.
Do not require backlighting like LCDs.
Consume much less power , important for battery-operated
devices.
Easier to produce in larger sizes.
Have large fields of view about 160 degrees.

17. Advantages Disadvantages Thinner, lighter and more flexible Brighter
Consume much less power
Easier to produce and make into larger sizes
Large field of view
Lifetime
White, Red, Green  46, ,000 hours
About 5-25 years
Blue  14,000 hours
About 1.6 years
Expensive
Susceptible to water
Overcome multi-billion dollar LCD market

18. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that refreshes with breaking news.

19. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending
entertainment.

20. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk.

21. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk.
An OLED based digital map and GPS that could help the armed forces during military operations.

22. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk.
An OLED based digital map and GPS that could help the armed forces during military operations.
An OLED based visiting card that
could revolutionize the social world.

23. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk.
An OLED based digital map and GPS that could help the armed forces during military operations.
An OLED based visiting card that
could revolutionize the social world.
An OLED as lightening windows.

24. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing” that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments that could entertain the folk.
An OLED based digital map and GPS that could help the armed forces during military operations.
An OLED based visiting card that
could revolutionize the social world.
An OLED as lightening windows.
And MUCH MUCH MORE…..

25. CURRENT RESEARCH FOR OLEDs….
Manufacturers focusing on finding a cheap way to produce OLEDs.
"Roll-to-Roll" Manufacturing
Increase the efficiency of blue luminance.
Focusing to increase overall lifespan of OLEDs.

26. WELCOME TO DIGITAL WORLDs….
conclusion
Limited use caused by degradation of materials.
OLED will replace current LED and LCD technologies.
Expensive.
Flexibility and thinness will enable many applications.
OLEDs can change our future lifestyle and make it digital.
WELCOME TO DIGITAL WORLDs….

27. REFRENCES www.google.com/oled-technology www.wikipedia.com/oled