1. Basic Chemistry
Ms. Foster | FS Unit 3

2. Why we need to understand chemistry…
To understand why ingredients react the way they do in recipes or formulations.
Chemistry – the study of the make-up, structure, and properties of substances and the changes that occur to them.
It is the study of matter
Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass
This is the question that your experiment answers

3. Atoms
Everything you encounter is made of Atoms (animals, plants or minerals)
Atom – the smallest unit of any elemental substance that maintains the characteristics of that substance.
Ex: one atom of iron has the same physical characteristics as a chunk of iron.
Atoms are extremely tiny
Subatomic Particles are the smaller particles that make up an atom.

4. Atoms Continued
Nucleus – central core of the atom, contains tightly clustered particles of protons and neutrons
Proton – subatomic particle that has a positive electrical charge.
Neutron – a subatomic particle that is electrically neutral
Protons & Neutrons have the same mass
Summarize your research in three to five points.

5. Atoms Continued
Electrons – have a negative electrical charge that is equal to, but opposite, the positive charge of a proton.
Have a much smaller mass than protons and neutrons.
It takes aprox. 1,836 electrons to equal the mass of one proton.
The reaction between the positive and negative charges of protons and electrons cause the electrons to spin around the nucleus.
Electrons prefer to move in pairs and the space that is occupied by a pair of electrons in an atom is called an orbital.
Write hypothesis before you begin the experiment. This should be your best educated guess based on your research.

6. Parts of an Atom

7. Elements An element is a substance that contains only one kind of atom
There are about 90 naturally occurring elements known on earth.
All matter on earth is composed or one or more elements.
Scientists have use these to create approximately 27 additional elements.
The number of protons in the nucleus determines which element an atom is
Pure oxygen is composed of atoms with 8 protons in the nucleus.
Calcium (one of main components of bone tissue) composed of atoms with 20 protons in each nucleus.

8. Periodic Table Overview
Atomic Number – the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of the element.
Atomic Mass – equal to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons in an atom.
List all of the steps used in completing your experiment.
Remember to number your steps.
Include photos of your experiment.

9. Works Cited
Ward, Janet. Principles of Food Science. Third ed. Goodheart-WIllcox.