1. HAMBATAN GIZI DAN PERACUNAN
Universitas Dr. Soetomo
Jalan Semolowaru 84 Surabaya
Fakultas Pertanian – Teknologi Pangan

2. Food borne Illnesses

3. Definition
A disease that has been carried or transmitted to humans through a contaminated food source!
The food can be contaminated by many different microorganisms.
Parasites
Bacterium
Virus
Pathogens

4. Who is at Risk? Pregnant women Very young Very old
Sick or malnourished
People with weakened immune systems

5. Types of Illnesses! Food borne Infections: Salmonella E.Coli
Hepatitis A
Shigellosis
Perfringens food Poisoning

6. Types of Illnesses cont.
Food Intoxications:
Botulism
Staphylococcal food poisoning

7. Food Safety Levels! Frequently Unsafe Foods Raw Milk and Milk Products
Raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood and eggs

8. Food Safety Levels cont.
Occasionally Unsafe Foods:
Soft Cheeses
Salad Bar Items
Unwashed berries or grapes
Sandwiches
Hamburgers
Airline Food

9. Food Safety Levels cont.
Rarely Unsafe Foods:
Peeled Fruit
High-sugar Foods
Steaming Hot Foods

10. Now lets look at a few of the different food borne illnesses!

11. Salmonella Where is it found?
In the intestines of animals. Therefore it makes the food and environments contaminated with animal waste susceptible as growing ground for this bacteria.

12. Salmonella cont. Symptoms Nausea Vomiting Abdominal cramps Headache
Diarrhea
Show up 8-72 hours after being infected.
Can last up to 8 days!

13. Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
Where is it Found?
Bacteria is most commonly found on our skin, in infected cuts or pimples, and in our nose and throats.
Hand contact, improper food handling and coughing or sneezing usually help spread the bacteria. Most common mode of transmission is from boils or abscesses on the skin.

14. Staphylococcal cont.
Symptoms are restricted to the intestinal tract so they include:
Abdominal cramps
Nausea
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Prostration

15. Staphylococcal cont. ~Facts~
It is caused by an enterotoxin excreted in foods!
Staphylococci grow over the broad temp. range of 8-45 degrees C.
Ham is particularly susceptible because the staphylococci can tolerate high salt levels.
Bacteria does not normally grow in human intestines because of the competition by other organisms.
Investigators must use other means to test for staph. Rather than the regular stool samples.

16. Botulism
Scary Facts!!!
Botulism is the most dangerous food borne intoxication in humans.
Clostridium botulinum produces a toxin so powerful that one pint of the pure material could eliminate the entire world population.
One ounce would be able to kill the entire population of the United States.

17. Botulism cont. Where is it found?
The spores are found in the intestines of humans, fish, birds and barnyard animals.
The enterotoxin is most commonly found in the environment of jars and cans. This is where the toxin is produced from its germination to vegetative bacilli.

18. Botulism cont. Symptoms: Blurred vision Slurred speech
Difficulty swallowing and chewing
Labored breathing
Flaccid paralysis of limbs and muscles

19. Botulism cont. Symptoms cont.
The toxin penetrates nerve endings and inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine between the muscle and nerves.
There is a failure of the diaphragm and rib muscles, leading to respiratory paralysis
Leads to death within a day or two!

20. Botulism cont.
~Facts~
Treatment consists of having to administer large doses of specific antibodies called antitoxins.
Food linked to botulism include, mushrooms, olives, salami and sausages.
The botulism toxin is also used by scientists on a more practical level. In minute doses it can relieve a number of movement disorders! Botox as the toxin is called, can be used to treat misalignment of the eyes. Also it can be used to relieve stuttering, uncontrolled blinking and spastic closure of the anal and urinary sphincter.

21. These are a few of the many different food borne illnesses
These are a few of the many different food borne illnesses! Now, lets take a look at how we can protect ourselves from them!

22. How to keep yourself safe!
There are four simple rules that need to be followed when trying to prevent food borne illnesses!
Keep a clean and safe kitchen
Avoid cross-contamination
Keep hot foods hot
Keep cold foods cold

24. In The News! ~Calgary Herald June 11/04~
Cilantro, the spice used in making salsa and other spicy dishes, contains a potent compound that kills the bacteria most commonly responsible for food poisoning.
Researchers say this tasteless antibiotic could eventually be used as a preventative food additive to many strains of salmonella.

25. Be careful and be safe, or you could be as sick as a …

26. Is there anything I have missed and you have questions about??