1. Thesis Last sentence of your introduction MUST BE A STATEMENT
Should tell the reader what your paper will be about

2. Topic sentences First sentence of each body paragraph
Relates to thesis
Reflects paragraph content
Reflects your position

3. The Power of Introverts
Culture:
Belief:
Stance:

4. The Power of Introverts
Culture: American (workplace/school?)
Belief: People who are outgoing have more to contribute to the world and can make changes.
Stance: Society needs to recognize the value of introverts and offer the freedom to be solitary.
Group work needs to be reduced to accommodate for introverts
Society needs to acknowledge the courage of introverts and value that.

5. Addressing the counter claim
Thesis: establish your position
Topic sentences: relate to the thesis, reflect the paragraph content AND your position. ALL TOPIC SENTENCE MUST REFLECT YOUR POSITION (imagine that last sentence red, bold and flashing)
Counterclaim Purpose:
Acknowledges that the issue has two sides by presenting what the opposition would say and then addressing it in the context of your argument.
Strengthens your argument by showing you’ve thought deeply about the issue
Last paragraph before conclusion
NOT A STAND ALONE PARAGRAPH

6. Counterclaim (outline – very basic)
Topic sentence (claim)
Support
Counter claim (what the opposition would say)
Reasons
Rebuttal (refute the counterclaim)

7. Claim: Technology hinders human connections
Thesis: Despite giving people access to the world with the push of a button, technology is hindering human connection. T.S.: Social media allows for false connections. T.S.: Instead of creating deep friendships when using technology the emphasis becomes on quantity over quality. T.S.: Technology offers a constant connection in the classroom. T.S.: Miscommunications occur frequently over text message.

8. Counterclaim (outline)
Miscommunications occur frequently over text message.
Sarcasm can’t be conveyed
People cannot see facial expressions
Nogals quote about miscommunication
Personal example to show how Nogal’s proves my point
Counter claim: facetime and skype
Rebuttal – yes services like facetime and skype allow for face to face interaction HOWEVER it’s impossible to skype all the time and text is a faster form of communication so misunderstandings will still occur.

9. Using the Sources Sources shouldn’t make your point.
Sources should support your ideas.
Don’t regurgitate
Assume your reader has read the sources and thought about the issue
What new can you add to the discussion? What do you have to say?

10. Working through this
Identify a cultural belief about voice, and argue your stance on that belief.
Things to consider:
While students can use first-person pronouns and speak about their own voices, they are not required to write about themselves. They can certainly write about cultural beliefs about others’ voices.
What’s voice?
most of the sources and the prompt lean toward the definition of “voice” that means power or agency.

11. Identify a cultural belief about voice, and argue your stance on that belief.
Culture
Belief
Stance

12. Example 1
In the American workplace, women’s voices are often ignored, and they can even get a negative reputation if they try too hard to be heard. While the voices of American women in the workforce are gaining volume, only by significant changes in policy and culture will their voices become equal or surpass those of men in our workplaces. Therefore, the American workplace should work to change this culture by enacting and enforcing policies that ensure men’s and women’s voices are heard equally.

13. Example 1.2 Culture/subculture: American workplace
Belief: Women’s voices should be quiet, gentle, not too forceful.
Stance: Workplaces should change the culture by enacting policies to ensure all voices are heard.

14. Example 2
American political leaders tend to believe that people who are poor somehow deserve their poverty, which leads to ineffective laws that result in low-income earners having little say in how their lives are conducted. By listening to them and trusting their experiences, better laws can be written to support people with low incomes.

15. Example 2.2 Culture/subculture: American politics, government
Belief: People who are poor deserve their poverty, and should work hard to get out of it.
Stance: Trusting the experiences of people who are poor would lead to more effective law and policy.

16. Example 3
The dominance of English in business, science, and higher education worldwide limits long-term progress and destroys authentic voice; as a result, multilingualism needs to be a priority to allow equitable societies success around the world.

17. Example 3.3 Culture/subculture: International community
Belief: English is the worldwide standard for communication in business, science, and higher education; to be successful in developed economies, one must master the English language. Native English speakers are given advantage at birth and have no reason to develop fluency in another language.
Stance: Multilingualism should become the global standard to allow more diverse voices to be heard, to strengthen students’ abstract thinking skills, and to improve human understanding of diverse perspectives.