1. What happened after the explorers found the new lands

2. 1st- The Aztecs, Mayans and Incan Empires were destroyed

3. Aztecs
-         Soon after Cortez landed in Mexico he learned of the vast and wealthy Aztec Empire.
-         Cortez and nearly 600 troops spent weeks walking through difficult mountain passes and finally reached the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan
-         At first Montezuma thought Cortez was a god and agreed to give him gold, however, Cortez was not happy. Cortez admitted he “ had a disease that only gold could cure” and demanded more gold
-         In 1520 the Aztecs rebelled against the Spanish intruders and drove out Cortez’s forces
-         The Spaniards, however, fought back and conquered the Aztecs in 1521.

4. The Spaniards won because:
1. they had more advanced weaponry
2. Cortez convinced other native groups to help fight the Aztecs
3. the Spaniards spread measles, mumps and smallpox, devastating the Aztec population

5. Incans
-IN1522, Francisco Pizzarro captured the Incan Empire. He even strangled the Incan ruler, Atahualpa to death.
-Spanish explores also conquered the Mayans in the Yucatan and Guatemala

6. 2nd – The Europeans ruled the new lands as dictators and established a rigid class system
-         Although Spanish conquerors lived among and intermarried with the native people, they also oppressed them
-         In a system known as encomienda, natives farmed, ranched or mined for Spanish landlords
-         The Spanish colonists promised the Spanish rulers they would treat the workers fairly, however, many were worked to death.
- The natives were seen as “lesser” people in the eyes of the Europeans mainly because they did not practice Christianity and did not speak the same language. Europeans tried to force Christianity on the natives in hopes of “helping “ them.

7. Spain Expands Its Influence
Marriage between Spaniards and native women created a mestizo population
Impose Spanish culture
Catholic Priests are brought along.
Conquistadors vs. Native Americans
Different views on land ownership
Encomienda-a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.
Lead to oppression
Spanish settlers referred to as peninsulares.
Spanish priests wanted to spread Christianity and they also fought for better treatment of NAs.
Conquistadors wanted to exploit the land for all of its resources.
NA do not believe in land ownership.
NA were forced to labor in this encomienda system.

8. Spanish Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
(Spanish settlers)
Creoles
(Spanish born in the Americas)
Mestizos
(Spanish/Native American mix)
Mulattos
(African/European mix)
Native Americans/Slaves

9. 3rd- Colonies imitated their homeland in these New lands
-         They typically set up the same forms of government, social values, customs, languages and religions
-         Referred to these new lands as New Spain and New France

10. 4th eventually when the slave trade begins the colonists will force some Africans into slavery
Europeans killed off too many Native Americans, so they needed a new source of labor
Europeans set up trading posts along the coast of Africa .
Slaves, Gold, Gum and Ivory were typically transported out of Africa

12. 5th- Asia was invaded by competing Europeans searching for wealth
-In a short time the 3 leading nations in Asia were England, the Dutch ( Netherlands) and Portugal.
-   Each of these countries had their own East Indian Company which were in charge of handling the affairs that took place overseas
-   Each company had the ability to mint money, make treaties and raise their own armies
-   The Dutch East India Company was richer and more powerful than England’s and Portugal’s companies.
-   As a result the Dutch drove out the British and Portuguese and established dominance over the Far East region
Dominance meant money, power and prestige

13. Spain & Portugal exploring at the same time…what do you think will happen???

14. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation, 1493
In fear of war between Spain and Portugal the Pope divides the undiscovered territories of the world with his Line of Demarcation.
Everything to the left of the line belonged to Spain and everything to the right of the line belonged to Portugal.
Let’s look at the map on the next page…Who got the better end of the deal???
In fear of war between Spain & Portugal, the Pope divides the undiscovered territories of the world with his line of demarcation. Everything to the left belonged to Spain and everything to the right would belong to Portugal

15. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation, 1493
In fear of war between Spain & Portugal, the Pope divides the undiscovered territories of the world with his line of demarcation. Everything to the left belonged to Spain and everything to the right would belong to Portugal

16. 6th- European Nations began to fight over land
Treaty of TorDEsillas –
1494
Spain and Portugal signed a treaty dividing up the new lands

17. Ending Act Page 27 Spanish Conquistador: 5 things they would see
5 things they would hear
5 things they would feel
Page 28
Native American
5 things they would see
5 things they would hear
5 things they would feel