1. Anatomy-Muscular System
Skeletal Muscle Characteristics &
Function
November 6, 2017

2. Introduction How many skeletal muscles can you identify?
What is a concentric contraction?
Eccentric contraction?
Isometric contraction?

3. Objectives Identify skeletal muscles, their attachments & action
Students will be able to:
Identify skeletal muscles, their attachments & action

4. Face Zygomatic arch Mandible Origin Insertion Action Closes the jaw
Raises the mandible

5. Masseter
The Chewing Muscle!
How would we CONTRACT this muscle?

6. Neck Muscle Sternocleidomastoid Origin Insertion Sterno – Sternum
Cleido – Clavicle
Mastoid – Mastoid Process
Origin
Sternum (near manubrium)
Clavicle (medial end)
Insertion
Mastoid Process

7. Sternocleidomastoid Action Bilaterally, Flex Cervical
Unilaterally, rotation to same side

8. Abdominals Pubis Xiphoid process Costal cartilage (5-7)
Rectus Abdominis
Origin
Pubis
Insertion
Xiphoid process
Costal cartilage (5-7)

9. Rectus Abdominus
Action
Compresses abdominal cavity
Flexion of trunk

10. Upper Extremity Muscles
Trapezius
Origin
Occipital
Spinous process C7-T12
Insertion
Lateral clavicle
Scapular spine

11. Trapezius Action Elevation
Depression
Retraction
Stabilizes scapula
What exercises could someone do to work their traps?
Shrugs
Upright Row
Scap Retraction with bands

12. Upper Extremity Spinous process T6-S5 Iliac crest Medial humerus
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin
Spinous process T6-S5
Iliac crest
Insertion
Medial humerus

13. Latissimus Dorsi
Action
shoulder
Adduction of humerus

14. Upper Extremity Medial clavicle Sternum Costal cartilage (1-6)
Pectoralis Major
Origin
Medial clavicle
Sternum
Costal cartilage (1-6)
Insertion
Proximal Humerus

15. Pectoralis Major
Action
Flexion
Adduction of humerus

16. Upper Extremity Lateral clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid - Anterior
Origin
Lateral clavicle
Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

17. Anterior Deltoid
Action
Flexion
Horizontal adduction of humerus

18. Upper Extremity Acromion process Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid - Middle
Origin
Acromion process
Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

19. Middle Deltoid
Action
Abduction of humerus to 90 degrees

20. Upper Extremity Scapular spine Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid - Posterior
Origin
Scapular spine
Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

21. Posterior Deltoid
Action
Extension
Horizontal abduction of humerus

22. Flash Card Time! On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the following:
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus Abdominus
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Deltoid
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

23. Rotator Cuff Muscles
They originate on the scapula & insert on the humeral head
They hold the head of the humerus IN the Glenoid fossa of the scapula.
Keep shoulder in socket.
4 Muscles make up the Rotator Cuff:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

24. Supraspinatus Origin: Insertion Action Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Action
Abduction of humerus
Stabilize head of humerus

25. Supraspinatus in Action!
Laying a ball up in basketball
Jumping Jack
Abduction of shoulder

26. Infraspinatus Origin Insertion Action What view is this picture?
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus
Action
Lateral rotation of humerus
Or External Rotation
Stabilize head of humerus
What view is this picture?

27. Infraspinatus in Action!

28. Teres Minor Origin Insertion Action Lateral boarder of scapula
Greater tubercle of humerus
Action
Lateral rotation of humerus
External Rotation
Stabilize head of humerus

29. Teres Minor in Action!
Much like the Infraspinatus…working on lateral rotation exercises enhances this muscle
What other sports would need to strengthen their teres minor?

30. Subscapularis Origin Insertion Action Subscapular fossa of scapula
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action
Medial rotation of humerus
Internal rotation
Stabilize head of humerus

31. Actions of Rotator Cuff
Abduction
External Rotation
External rotation
Internal Rotation
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

32. Biceps Brachii Origin Insertion Action Short Head-coracoid process
Long Head-supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion
Radial tuberosity
Action
Flexion of elbow

33. Biceps in Action Eccentrically Contract Isometrically Contract
Discuss:
Eccentrically Contract
Isometrically Contract

34. Triceps Brachii Long Head Lateral Head Medial Head Origin
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral Head
Posterior humerus
Medial Head
Insertion
Olecranon process of ulna
Action
Extension of elbow

35. Triceps In Action!

36. Skeletal Muscle On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the following:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

37. Muscles of the Thigh
The muscles of the thigh run from the hip to the knee
What movements can the hip and knee joint perform?
What muscles/muscle group do you know?

38. Gluteus Maximus Posterior sacrum & ilium Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Origin
Posterior sacrum & ilium
Insertion
Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action
Extension of femur/hip
External Rotation of hip

39. Glute Strength Squats are known to help build glute strength…
What other exercises would concentrically contract this muscle?

40. Hamstrings Biceps Femoris Origin Insertion Action
Long head-ischial tuberosity
Short head-posterior femur
Insertion
Head of fibula
Action
Extension of hip
Flexion of the knee

41. Hamstrings Ischial tuberosity Anterior tibia Extension of hip
Semitendinosus
Origin
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Anterior tibia
Action
Extension of hip
Flexion of the knee

42. Hamstrings Ischial tuberosity Posterior medial tibia Extension of hip
Semimembranosus
Origin
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Posterior medial tibia
Action
Extension of hip
Flexion of the knee

43. Hamstrings O: Ischial tuberosity I: Fibula & Tibia
A: Flex knee Extend hip
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus

44. Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

45. Quadriceps Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) Tibial tuberosity
Rectus Femoris
Origin
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Insertion
Tibial tuberosity
Action
Extension of the knee
Hip flexion

46. Quadriceps Femur Tibial tuberosity Extension of the knee
Vastus Lateralis
Origin
Femur
Insertion
Tibial tuberosity
Action
Extension of the knee

47. Quadriceps Femur Tibial tuberosity Extension of the knee
Vastus Medialis
Origin
Femur
Insertion
Tibial tuberosity
Action
Extension of the knee

48. Quadriceps Anterior femur Tibial tuberosity Extension of the knee
Vastus Intermedius
Origin
Anterior femur
Insertion
Tibial tuberosity
Action
Extension of the knee

49. Lower Extremity Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius

50. Skeletal Muscle On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the following:
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Quads
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedialis
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

51. Final Chapter! Today will be the muscles of the low leg
This last group of muscles is the end of this muscle segment.
So far we have identified:
Face and Neck
Shoulders and Back
Abs and Glutes
Hamstrings and Quads
Today will be the muscles of the low leg
What is one muscle group that you already know?
Calf Muscles
Why do you think they call them the calves?
I have no idea!!

52. Lower Extremity Tibialis Anterior Origin Insertion Action
Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion
Plantar surface of 1st metatarsal
Action
Dorsiflexion
Recall….what does this mean?
Inversion of ankle

53. Dorsiflexion & Inversion
Pointing toes out:
EVERSION
Pulling toes up:
DORSIFLEXION
Pointing toes down:
Plantarflexion
Pointing toes in:
Inversion

54. Lower Extremity Proximal fibula Plantar surface of 1st metatarsal
Peroneus Longus
Origin
Proximal fibula
Insertion
Plantar surface of 1st metatarsal
Action
Eversion of ankle

55. Lower Extremity Distal fibula Base of 5th metatarsal Peroneus Brevis
Origin
Distal fibula
Insertion
Base of 5th metatarsal
Action
Eversion of ankle

56. Eversion Exercises A commonly used rehab tool are resistance bands
Eversion exercises strengthen the Peroneus Longus

57. Lower Extremity Upper tibia Posterior fibula Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
Soleus
Origin
Upper tibia
Posterior fibula
Insertion
Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
Action
Plantarflexion of ankle

58. Lower Extremity Medial head-medial epicondyle of femur
Gastrocnemius
Origin
Medial head-medial epicondyle of femur
Lateral head-lateral epicondyle of femur
Insertion
Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
Action
Plantarflexion of ankle
This muscle is SUPERFICIAL to the Soleus

59. Gastrocnemius vs. Soleus
To isolate the SOLEUS
To isolate the GASTROC

60. Skeletal Muscle On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the following:
Tibialis Anterior
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

61. Skeletal Muscle List of muscles learned
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus Abdominus
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Deltoid
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Name
Origin, Insertion & Action
Tibialis Anterior
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Quads
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedialis

62. Skeletal Muscle