1. Chapter 7: The Lower Extremity: The Hip Region
KINESIOLOGY
Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 11th edition
Hamilton, Weimar & Luttgens
Presentation Created by
TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC
Humboldt State University
Revised by Hamilton & Weimar

2. Objectives
1. Name, locate, & describe the structure & ligamentous reinforcements of the pelvic girdle and hip joints.
2. Name & demonstrate movements possible.
3. Name & locate muscles & muscle groups, and name their primary actions.
4. Analyze the fundamental movements with respect to joint & muscle actions.
5. Describe common athletic injuries.

3. THE PELVIC GIRDLE Structure
Pelvic bones
Illium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
Fig 7.1

4. Movements of the Pelvis
Fig 7.4
Midposition
Backward
Tilt
Forward
Tilt

5. Movements of the Pelvis
Lateral Tilt
Rotation
Fig 7.5

6. Muscles of the Pelvis Forward tilt Backward tilt Lateral Tilt to Right
Hip flexors & lumbosacral spinal extensors.
Backward tilt
Hip extensors & lumbosacral spinal flexors.
Lateral Tilt to Right
Left lateral lumbosacral flexors, right hip abductors, & left hip adductors.
Rotation to Right
Left lumbosacral rotators, left hip external rotators, & right hip internal rotators.

7. RELATIONSHIP OF PELVIS TO TRUNK & LOWER EXTREMITIES
Link between the trunk and lower extremities.
Must cooperate with motion, yet contribute to stability.
Primary movements of pelvis are initiated in the pelvis itself.
Secondary movements are associated with motion of trunk or thighs.

8. Primary Movements of Pelvis
Forward tilt
Backward tilt
Lateral tilt left
Rotation left
Spinal Joints
Hyperextension
Slight flexion
Slight lateral flexion right
Rotation right
Hip Joints
Slight flexion
Complete extension
R: Slight adduction
L: Slight abduction
R: Slight external rotation
L: slight internal rotation

9. Secondary Movements of Pelvis
Spine
Flexion
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion left
Rotation left
Pelvis
Backward tilt
Forward tilt
Lateral tilt left
Rotation left

10. THE HIP JOINT Structure
Ball-and-socket joint.
Articulation of spherical head of femur with deep cup-shaped acetabulum.
Head of femur covered with hyaline cartilage, except fovea capitis.
Femoral neck at 126°- 131° angle w/shaft.
Femoral neck has slight anteversion.
Femoral neck
Neck-shaft
Angle
Fig 7.8

11. THE HIP JOINT Structure
Acetabulum is lined with hyaline cartilage.
Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage) adds depth to joint and serves to cushion against impact of femoral head.
Acetabular notch at junction of three pelvic bones.
Fig 7.9

12. Ligamentous Reinforcements
Transverse acetabular ligament
A strong flat band.
Bridges acetabular notch & completes acetabular ring.
Fig 7.9

13. Ligamentous Reinforcements
Teres femoris ligament
“Ties” head of femur to lower part of acetabulum.
Provides reinforcement from within.
Fig 7.10

14. Ligamentous Reinforcements
Iliofemoral ligament
Extraordinarily strong band.
Checks extension & rotation.
Pubofemoral ligament
Prevents excessive abduction.
Fig 7.11

15. Ligamentous Reinforcements
Ischiofemoral ligament
Strong triangular ligament.
Limits rotation & adduction in the flexed position.
Fig 7.12

16. Movements of the Femur at the Hip Joint
Fig 7.13a&b
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction

17. Movements of the Femur at the Hip Joint
Fig 7.13c&d
Lateral rotation
Medial rotation
Diagonal abduction
Diagonal Adduction

18. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Anterior
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Posterior
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gluteus maximus
Six deep outward rotators
Hamstrings

19. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Medial
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Lateral
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

20. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Iliopsoas
Psoas minor & major, & iliacus
Function:
Strong hip flexor.
Pectineus
Flexes thigh.
Assists in adduction.
Fig 7.14

21. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Rectus Femoris
Function:
Flexes thigh at hip.
Assists adduction.
Sartorius
Abducts & externally rotates.
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Flexes & abducts femur.
Tenses fascia lata.
Fig 7.15

22. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Function:
Extend hip
Fig 7.16

23. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Gluteus Maximus
Function:
Powerful hip extensor against resistance.
Lower portion assists in adduction.
Upper portion abducts against strong resistance.
Six Deep Outward Rotators
External rotation.
Fig 7.19

24. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Adductor brevis
Function:
Adducts & aids in flexion.
Adductor Longus
Adducts & flexes.
Fig 7.21

25. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Adductor Magnus
Function:
Adducts
Extends thigh.
Lower portion assists internal rotation.
Gracilis
Adducts & flexes.
Fig 7.21

26. MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Gluteus Medius
Function:
Abducts
Anterior fibers internally rotate.
Gluteus Minimus
Function:
Internal rotation & abduction.
Fig 7.22

27. Muscular Analysis of Fundamental Movements of the Thigh
Flexion: tensor fasciae latae, pectineus, iliopsoas, rectus femoris, & sartorius.
Extension: Hamstring muscles.
Abduction: Gluteus medius & minimus.
Adduction: adductor longus is primary, adductor magnus & brevis, and gracilis.
Lateral Rotation: Six deep outward rotators, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus.
Medial Rotation: gluteus medius & minimus.

28. COMMON INJURIES OF THE THIGH, HIP JOINT, AND PELVIS
Contusions
Results from a direct blow.
Pinches muscle between bone and external force.
Blow to Iliac crest - “hip pointer”.
Myositis ossificans may result.

29. COMMON INJURIES OF THE THIGH, HIP JOINT, AND PELVIS
Myositis Ossifican
Calcification following repeated traumas or serious contusions.
Improper treatment of contusions.
Hamstring Strains
Muscular imbalance, fatigue, sudden change in direction or speed.
Occurs at myotendinous junctions.

30. COMMON INJURIES OF THE THIGH, HIP JOINT, AND PELVIS
Hip Fracture
Usually fractures of femoral neck.
Often caused by impact or falls.
Hip replacement often the only option.

31. Chapter 7: The Lower Extremity: The Hip Region