1. Geography of New Zealand

2. The Geography of New Zealand
Location and physical setting
Discovery and colonization
Sir Roger Douglas and economic restructuring
Cultural tensions

3. Located 2,000 km SE of Australia
North and South Islands separated by the Cook Strait
Central part of North Island dominated by volcanic plateau
Southern Alps dominate South Island
Mt Cook (3,754 m)

4. Geographic Overview
Humid-temperate (no dry season – cool summer) climate predominantly (Cfb)
Straddles the Pacific and Australian continental plates
Earthquakes are the most common natural hazard – although …..
Land Use
Arable Land 9%
Permanent crop 5%
Permanent pastures 50%
Forests and Woodland 28%
Other 8%

5. Source: US Geological Survey
Please note that on Figure G-5 in your text – because of the scale of the map – it does not show that the margin between the Australian and Pacific plates actually cuts across the South Island.
Source: US Geological Survey

6. Mt. Ruapehu

8. Lake Taupa

11. Evidence suggests that the Maori originally immigrated to New Zealand probably around 1200 AD from the Cook Islands, Society Islands, and Marquesas Islands in the Pacific Ocean. According to Maori legend, their ancestors set out together from a place in Polynesia in a fleet of seven large canoes. Before the arrival of European colonists in the late 18th century, the Maori had settled throughout New Zealand.
The Maori were highly territorial and conflicts between groups (extended family groups) were common.

14. The Maori are integrated into New Zealand society today, although Maori and Pacific Islanders dominate the lower socio-economic classes.
New Zealand’s class division is well illustrated in difference between two forms of rugby – rugby union and rugby league.
New Zealand’s national rugby union team – called the All Blacks – perform a Maori Haka – a Maori challenge – prior to every international match. Some commentators refer to this a form of cultural appropriation.

15. Historical Overview Maöri arrive about 1,200 AD
Abel Tasman December 1642
James Cook
1790 Whaling basis established

16. Historical Overview (cont’d)
Treaty of Waitangi 1840
Maöri Wars 1840 to 1872
Invention of freezer ships 1880
Dominion status 1907

17. Historical Overview (cont’d)
Full autonomy 1947
Waitangi Tribunal 1980
Election of Labour 1984

18. New Zealand’s Social Democratic History
World's first country to give women the right to vote (1893)
Adopted old-age pensions (1898)
National child welfare program (1907)

19. New Zealand’s Social Democratic History (cont’d)
Socialized medicine (1941)
Various social safety social nets (1938)
40-hour workweek
Unemployment insurance
Health insurance
Survivor benefits

20. Current pop’n approx 4 million – 80% urban
Four main cities
“Pakeha” account for 75% of population, Maöri for 10%
Fertility rate below the replacement rate
Pacific Islander and Asian populations the fastest growing

21. - Australia and Japan most important
Exports:
- Australia and Japan most important
- Dairy products, meat, fish and wool

23. Agricultural Exports Acc’t for 30% of exports (90% in ’80)
Agr’l sector has restructured since ’85
Pastoral agriculture less important

24. New Zealand Wine: A Success Story
Wine grapes introduced in 1819
Arrival of the Eastern Europeans
Industry survives prohibition
Expansion and restructuring

25. Regions
Gisborne
Hawke’s Bay
Marlborough

26. Waitangi
Auckland
Wellington
Christchurch
Dunedin

27. Waitangi

28. Auckland

29. The Bee Hive Wellington

30. Christchurch

31. Dunedin

32. Life Expectancy Male 76.3 Female 81.1 Maori Male 68.9 Maori Female
73.2
Non-Maori Male
77.2
Non-Maori Female
81.9

33. Since the 1980s there has been a resurgence of the Maori culture
Since the 1980s there has been a resurgence of the Maori culture. This is reflected in cultural events and reenactments and settlement of outstanding land claims via the Waitangi Tribunal.

36. Mt Cook is known as Aoraki by the Maori and stands at 3,754 metres, which makes this mountain the highest in New Zealand and Australasia. Sir Edmund Hillary (a New Zealander) the first man to climb Mt Everest gained his mountaineering experience on Mt Cook

38. From the outset, the country has been in the forefront in instituting social welfare legislation. New Zealand was the world's first country to give women the right to vote (1893). It adopted old-age pensions (1898); a national child welfare program (1907); social security for the aged, widows, and orphans, along with family benefit payments; minimum wages; a 40-hour workweek and unemployment and health insurance (1938); and socialized medicine (1941).
In Dec. 2004, same-sex unions were recognized and given the same rights as married couples.
See also New Zealand

41. Summary First colonized by Maöri, then by the British
Parliamentary democracy
Adopted a form of proportional representation
Second tier economic power
Economic development constrained by:
Small population
Distance from larger markets