1. Industry and Immigration (1865-1914)
Lesson 2 Big Business Rises

2. Industry and Immigration (1865-1914) Lesson 2 Big Business Rises
Learning Objectives
Analyze different management innovations that businesses used to increase their profits.
Describe the public debate over the pros and cons of big business.
Explain how the government took steps to block abuses of corporate power.

3. Industry and Immigration (1865-1914) Lesson 2 Big Business Rises
Key Terms
corporation
cartel
John D. Rockefeller
horizontal integration
monopoly
trust
Andrew Carnegie
vertical integration
Social Darwinism
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Sherman Antitrust Act

4. Corporations Find New Ways of Doing Business
The rapid industrial growth that occurred after the Civil War transformed American business and society. Yet it was only the beginning. The rise of big business, characterized by the investment of huge amounts of private financial resources, helped the United States push aside strong economies like Britain’s, to become one of the most economically powerful countries in the modern world.

5. Corporations Find New Ways of Doing Business
The Corporation Meets New Needs
Finding New Ways to Gain Advantage
Business Management Innovations

6. Corporations Find New Ways of Doing Business
The expansion of markets and new methods of production and distribution encouraged the growth of corporations. Analyze Charts Contrast the differences between a family-owned business and a corporation.

7. Corporations Find New Ways of Doing Business
Many of John D. Rockefeller’s business practices at Standard Oil are part of mainstream corporate culture today.

8. Corporations Find New Ways of Doing Business
Management innovations such as horizontal and vertical integration allowed American businesses to remain competitive in the age of industrialization. Contrast What differences do you see between horizontal and vertical integration?

9. The Pros and Cons of Big Business
Throughout the 1880s, business mergers created powerful empires for those who controlled steel, railroads, meat, farm equipment, sugar, lumber, and a number of other enterprises. However, many smaller companies and consumers began to question the goals and tactics of those who led these businesses.

10. The Pros and Cons of Big Business
“Robber Barons” or “Captains of Industry”?
The Causes and Effects of Social Darwinism

11. The Pros and Cons of Big Business
“The Protectors of Our Industries” shows Cornelius Vanderbilt II and other business leaders. Analyze Political Cartoons What point of view about these leaders does this cartoon express?

12. The Changing Relationship Between Government and Business
The great industrialists’ methods and their influence on the nation’s economy worried some Americans. Competing railroads took part in practices such as fixing rates and pooling, or entering into secret agreements to divide up the nation's freight. Many Americans felt that price fixing and pooling drove up rates and were unfair to consumers. They also thought that unfair business practices and poor wages and working conditions for the labor force had made the costs of the government's laissez-faire policies too high. They wanted the federal government to take action.

13. The Changing Relationship Between Government and Business
Attempts to Regulate Business
A Difficult Balance Between Business, Government, and Consumer

14. The Changing Relationship Between Government and Business
Railroads all travel to one destination. Analyze Political Cartoons What does the “robber baron” in this cartoon represent?

15. The Changing Relationship Between Government and Business
The Sherman Antitrust Act tried to create a fair marketplace in which the needs of businesses, workers, and consumers were addressed. Analyze Charts Why might some businesses disagree with the Sherman Antitrust Act?

16. Quiz: Corporations Find New Ways of Doing Business
Corporations were an important addition to the industrial free-market system because they
A. allowed for risk-free investing.
B. could sell to faraway markets.
C. had access to large amounts of funding.
D. could transform raw materials into finished goods.

17. Quiz: The Pros and Cons of Big Business
Social Darwinism equated being 'fit' with
A. surviving.
B. having good health.
C. being intelligent.
D. being financially successful.

18. Quiz: The Changing Relationship Between Government and Business
Why did the federal government attempt to put limits on corporations’ powers?
A. to avoid having its constitutional rights threatened
B. to attempt to protect consumers and competitive practices
C. to fight the state courts, which usually sided with business interests
D. to prevent corporations from becoming more powerful than the government