1. Pregnancy through Old Age

2. Fertilization

3. Zygote, Mitosis, Differentiation
40,000,000,000,000
40 Trillion cells

4. Some defects are internal

5. Some defects are external

6. Overcoming Birth Defects

7. Most common cause of birth defects

8. Neural Tube Defects, NTDs the most devastating birth defects
e.g. 1- ______________________

9. NTD e.g. 2 - _________________

10. NTD e.g. 3 - ____________________

11. FAS = ___________________________

12. Non Nutrients linked to birth defects
Alcohol
Tobacco smoke
Meds for high blood pressure, esp. ACE inhibitors
Some antidepressants (lithium and some SSRIs)
Sulfonamides and nitrofurantoines (for UTIs)
Amphetamines
Narcotics/opiates
Accutane
Being overweight/obese at time of conception
Having DM at time of conception

13. Folate (a.k.a. folic acid) - Vitamin _________
To prevent NTDs
Folate (a.k.a. folic acid)
- Vitamin _________
Essential for ________________________________
Damage due to deficiency is most likely days ______
RDA = ___________________  risk by ______
Men also…  risk by _________
Sources ____________________________________________________________________________________