1. Cells and Organelles
Ms. Eisenhauer
Biology

2. Cell Organelles
A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function (think mini-organ)
usually separately enclosed within its own membrane
Plant and animal cells contain the same organelles
Exceptions:
Cell wall & Chloroplasts – PLANT ONLY
Lysosomes & Centrioles – ANIMAL ONLY

3. Nucleus One or more per cell Spherical shape
Number depends on cell’s function
Spherical shape
Controls eating, movement, and reproduction
Houses the DNA

4. Nucleolus
Dense circular structure within the nucleus
Makes ribosomes

5. Ribosomes Found in the cytoplasm Found on Rough E.R.
Reads DNA sections to synthesize specific proteins
Uses amino acids

6. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Contained in nucleus
Contained in mitochondria
Hereditary material
Passes genes
Made of proteins

7. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transportation center
Smooth ER
Acts as a storage facility
Rough ER
Embedded with ribosomes
Makes and packages proteins

8. Mitochondria Power house of the cell Cells can have one or many
Depends on energy needs
Convert food and oxygen into ATP
ATP = CELL ENERGY

9. Chloroplasts Plant cells only Green color Location of photosynthesis
Capture sunlight energy and convert it to glucose

10. Cell Wall Plants only Gives cells rigidity & strength
Allows organism to grow and hold its shape
Protects the cell
From overexpansion

11. Cell Membrane Most important organelle
Controls what goes in and what comes out of the cell
Selectively permeable lipid bilayer
(more about this later)

12. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside the cell
Facilitates movement of materials around the cell
AND
Helps keep organelles in place
Conducts electricity

13. Cytoskeleton Network of fibers inside the cytoplasm
Provides structure to the cell
The framework
Involved in whole-cell movement
Flagella
Cilia

14. Golgi Apparatus Packages and transports proteins
Makes vesicles
Sends vesicles to plasma membrane
Empties contents from the cell
exocytosis

15. Vesicles Transport materials in/out and within the cell Membrane bound
Endocytosis
Material brought into the cell
Exocytosis
Material sent out of the cell

16. Vacuoles Membrane bound sacs Plant cells Animal cells Very large
Store nutrients/wastes/H2O
Pressure helps shape cell
Animal cells
Much smaller
Temporarily store materials
Transport substances

17. Lysosomes Animals Only (Typically) Contain enzymes
Break up waste and debris
Digest food
Clean up the cell

18. Centrioles Animals Only Create spindle fibers for cell division
Located near nucleus

19. Sources www.googleimages.com
Millier and Levine Biology Textbook by Pearson (2010)