1. Industrial Revolution, c. 1750-1850

2. Industrial Revolution--Why England?
Seven reasons
1. Application of machine power
2. Dynamic society
3. Expanding population supplied more workers and the initial market for products
*What fed the growing urban population?

3. Industrial Revolution—Why England?
From open-field system to Enclosure Movement
“Gentlemen farmers”
Charles Townsend ( )
Jethro Tull ( )
Enclosure Acts
Open-Field
Enclosed Fields

4. Industrial Revolution—Why England?
From “cottage industry” to factories
Cottage Spinner
Image left-top and following text:
Cottage Industry
The 18th Century saw the beginning of the changes that were to turn Burnley into an industrial town. The woollen trade was well established and two new developments were taking place.
The first was the introduction of worsted manufacture. This involved the careful combing of the raw wool, and by the end of the century Burnley had become an important centre of the wool-combing industry.
The second was the introduction of fustian weaving. Fustian was a cloth with a warp of wool or linen and a cotton weft. This was the first use of cotton in Burnley.
Textile manufacture was still mainly carried out under the “domestic system”, in which the cloth was made in the worker’s own home. As it took several spinners to keep a weaver supplied with yarn, the whole family was usually involved in the work.
Image right-top:
Lskdjd
Image bottom and text below:
The Factory Age
During the second half of the eighteenth century the manufacture of cotton began to replace that of wool and the introduction of machinery brought about the decline of the domestic system.
The invention of spinning machines – the spinning-jenny, water-frame and mule led to the building of water-powered factories. The first spinning mills in Burnley were therefore built near rivers. The patenting of the steam engine freed the mills from the reliance on waterpower, and in 1790 steam-power was used in a new cotton factory at the bottom of Sandygate.
Although a power-loom was invented in 1785, it was at first cumbersome and inefficient. Its adoption was slow and weaving continued to be done largely by hand. Indeed, handloom weavers regarded the last decade of the 18th century as a “golden age” when even an ordinary weaver could earn a good wage. It has been estimated that as late as 1830 there were three times as many cottage weavers as factory weavers.
Cottage Weaver
Spinning (Early Factory)

5. Industrial Revolution—Why England?
4. Transportation system
5. Mastery of the seas
6. “Splendid isolation”
7. Flexibility of social/political system

6. Industrial Revolution
Revolution in textiles
John Kay’s flying shuttle (1733)
James Hargreaves’ spinning jenny (1764)
Edmund Cartwright’s power loom (1785)
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin (1793)
James Watt’s steam engine ( )

7. John Kay’s Flying Shuttle

8. James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny
Left:
Right:

9. Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom
Left:
Right:

10. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
Left:
Right:

11. James Watt’s Steam Engine

12. Industrial Revolution— Long-Term Impact
Rural to urban society
Privileged to a leveling society
Subsistence to market economy
Illiterate to literate society
Stationary to mobile society
Local to global horizon

13. Industrial Revolution— Long-Term Impact
Good side
Explosion of goods and services
Epidemics wiped out
Underside
Wrenching process
Loss of traditional values
Emergence of new class conflict

14. Industrial Revolution— Long-Term Impact
Four “tion” factors
1. Standardization
2. Specialization
3. Synchronization
4. Concentration

15. The End
El Fin
Fin
Ha-Sof
Al-Had