1. The Industrial Revolution
Britain Leads the Way

2. California State Standard
10.3.1: Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize : Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepeneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.

3. Focus Question
What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?

4. Vocabulary Capital Enterprise Entrepreneur Putting-out system
Eli Whitney
Turnpike
Liverpool
Manchester

5. Population Increase
Population increase supplied labor for mining coal, building factories, and running machines

6. Why Britain? Abundance of natural resources
Natural ports and navigable rivers
Creation of canals which increase accessibility and trade
Large supplies of coal and iron

8. Demand and Capital
England had a ready workforce and the money needed to start new businesses.
Britain economy was prospering from overseas trade including the slave trade.

9. Capital Capital: money used to invest in enterprise.
Enterprise: business organization such as shipping, mining, railroads, and factories.
Many businesses wanted to invest their capital in new ventures.

10. Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurs: people who managed and assumed financial risk of new businesses.

11. Check for Understanding
List as many reasons as possible for why England was the first country to industrialize.

12. Textile Industries
The Industrial revolution began in England with the textile industry (cotton clothing).
Putting-out system (cottage industry): raw cotton was imported and distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove it into cloth.

14. Standard
Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (the inventions of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison)

15. Textile Industry Inventions
John Kay’s flying shuttle: sped up the weaving process so much that spinners could not keep up.
James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny: spun many threads at the same time.

16. Spinning Jenny

17. Cotton Gin Cotton production could not keep up.
Cotton was cleaned of dirt and seed by hand.
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin which removed the seed from cotton which rapidly increased cotton production.

18. Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin

19. Textile Industry Inventions
The inventions ended the putting out system
Initially manufacturers put the machines in long sheds located near moving water to be used as a power source.
Eventually factories powered by steam engines were created.

20. Standard Covered
10.3.2
Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (the inventions of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison)

21. Check for understanding
What did Eli Whitney invent and what did it do?

22. Transportation
As production increased manufacturers needed cheaper and faster methods of moving goods.
Turnpikes: private roads built by entrepreneurs

23. Canal Canals were a cheap way to move coal and raw materials
The production of the Bridgewater canal cut the price of coal in half.

24. Steam locomotives
Railroads allowed a new freedom as they could be built anywhere.
The first major railroad connected Manchester to Liverpool.
Eventually railroads covered most of Britain, Europe, and North America

26. Standard covered
10.3.5
Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.