1. Organizing the Elements
Dmitri Mendeleev – Russian Scientist, discovered patterns of properties that applied to all elements
****Predicted properties of missing elements****
1869 –published the first periodic table (arranged by atomic mass)
Now arranged by atomic number

2. Periodic Table Periods (1-7) – horizontal rows
Groups – vertical columns, also called families
Elements in each group have similar characteristics

4. METALS Physical Properties Include
Shininess=luster
Malleability –ability to be pounded or rolled into sheets or shapes
Ductility – can be pulled into a wire
Conductivity – ability to transfer heat or electricity to another object
All are solid except Hg – it is a liquid

5. Chemical Properties Include:
Corrosion – gradual wearing away of a metal
Reactivity –able to react with other elements or compounds.
decreases as you move from left to right

6. Alkali Metals Family 1 Very reactive react violently in water
Soft and shiny
Na and K important to life
1 valence electron

7. Alkaline Earth Metals Family 2 Fairly hard Grayish/white
Ca – teeth and bones, help muscles work properly
2 valence electrons

8. Transition Metals Groups 3-12
Colorful – used as paint dyes, in fireworks
Used to build stuff – hard, slow to corrode
Fe – forms hemoglobin – chemical that carries oxygen in our bodies

9. Metals in mixed groups
Not very reactive
Al, Sn and Pb – most common

10. Nonmetals Nonmetals Most are gases, Bromine is liquid
Lack physical properties of metals (opposite of)
Dull
Brittle
Not conductive

11. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
most are reactive
Nobel gasses are inert

12. Non Metals in Mixed Groups
Fairly reactive
SHARE or gain electrons
CARBON, Oxygen – important to life

13. HALOGENS Family 17 -- Means “Salt Forming” Very reactive and dangerous
Fluorine is most reactive element of all
Chlorine is poisonous, used to kill bacteria in water
7 valence electrons (gains 1)

14. NOBLE GASES Family 18 Unreactive (Inert)
Helium – used in balloons and refrigeration
Used in electric lights – neon, xenon, argon
stable

15. HYDROGEN Smallest atom Chemically unique
90% of the atoms in the universe
1% of mass on earth
Most is found in water

16. Metalloids Characteristics of metals and nonmetals
On or beside the “stair step”
EXCEPT ALUMINUM
Most useful property is the varying ability to conduct electricity
Used to make SEMICONDUCTORS – conduct electricity under some conditions but not others
Used to make computer chips, lasers

17. Synthetic elements Any element after Uranium (92)
Created by nuclear particles crashing into each other in PARTICLE ACCELERATORS