1. Industrial Revolution
Chapter 11 Section 1
Industrial Revolution

2. Revolution in Technology
Industrial Revolution: power provided by people and horses are replaced with flowing water and steam engines.
Began in Britain in textile industry  spinning thread used to take weeks by one person  a “spinning jenny” helped by being able to spin multiple threads at one time
1764: Richard Arkwright makes water frame for spinning machine  built textile mills on banks of rivers to be close to water supply

3. Revolution in Technology
Factory system made workers go into factories and work specific hours; keep up with machines instead of working at own pace
Making factories cost a lot of money  factory mill owners become capitalists  factories were good investments for capitalists and mill owners
Factories on river banks were hard during the dry season  no power, far from cities, labor hard to find in rural areas
1790: Steam-powered textile plant by Arkwright  factories could now be built in cities and not near water supply  young women and children could be cheap labor
British very secretive about process

4. American Industrial Revolution
1789: Samuel Slater, apprentice to Arkwright, immigrates to US
Slater joined with merchant Moses Brown  Slater makes spinning machine like Arkwright
This was beginning of American Industrial Revolution

5. American Industry Grows
Beginning of American Industrial Revolution starts in northeast  Did not officially boom until after the War of 1812
Francis Cabot Lowell visits England before war, studies latest in weaving machines  brings process back to US and builds improved version
Lowell makes new factory, combining weaving and spinning in one building
New factories staffed by young women  lived in boardinghouses, visited libraries, heard lectures  gained education

6. Revolution Takes Hold
Mass production begins  previously, everything made by hand
1790’s: Eli Whitney makes interchangeable parts  parts took off and used in other products  more efficient and prices dropped
Slater would employ children in factories (ages 7-8)  harsh conditions
Children used to work on farms to help family, but factories were different  would work in textile, coal, and steel factories, with no opportunity for education
Factories extremely unsafe  Poor lighting, little fresh air, no protection, long hours (12-14 hour shifts)
Injured workers would receive no help, and the disabled were unemployable

7. VOCABULARY INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION FACTORY SYSTEM CAPITALISTS
Machines take place of many hand tools, and power replaced by water and steam
FACTORY SYSTEM
System that brings workers and machinery into one place
CAPITALISTS
People who invest capital (money) in a business to earn a profit

8. VOCABULARY MASS PRODUCTION INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS
Rapid manufacturing of a large number of identical objects
INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS
Identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers