1. Future Ecology: Harmony of Railway Transport and Environment
Oleg Nazarov
Deputy General Director, VNIIZhT
VNIIZhT (Russian Railway Research Institute)

2. REDUCING THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN RAILWAYS’ BUSINESS OPERATIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Emissions into the air
Greenhouse gas emissions
Discharge of polluted and waste water
Creation of waste products
% by 2003
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3. AREAS OF REDUCTION OF MAN-MADE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY ROLLING STOCK
Reducing emissions from diesel locomotives by transitioning to:
writing off out-of-date models of diesel locomotive with low environmental ratings
using catalytic converters
multipoint fuel injection
alternative fuel types
combined fuel
introduction of resource-saving technologies (Graflex).
Reducing emissions on electric traction services:
transferring freight traffic from diesel locomotive to electric traction
using recuperation
energy-saving rolling stock
Energy-saving algorithms for locomotive traffic management (performance charts, unmanned trains).
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4. AREAS OF REDUCTION OF MAN-MADE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY FIXED INSTALLATIONS
Reducing emissions from boiler houses by:
- transitioning to natural gas or clean coal
- using alternative types of energy
Reducing emissions of polluted waste water by:
- closed systems of water use
- highly efficient waste-free installations for cleaning waste water
Reducing waste products by:
- waste-free repair technologies
- expanding the range of recycled waste products
Reducing pollution of infrastructure land by:
- using environmentally clean railway equipment
- transporting oil in tanks with protected discharge devices
- monitoring pollution of infrastructure land, identifying polluting companies and getting polluted land cleaned up in a timely manner by specialist companies.
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5. ENERGY CONSUMPTIONS BY MEANS OF SPEED OPTIMIZATION BETWEEN STATIONS
Speed station travel time determination by common train performance (ТР)
Determination of speed between station travel time by means of energy optimal train performance (EТР) if
Train speed – V(t) on the left side is determined for given : locomotive power – Fт, speed train resistance – Wп and conditions, that train speed at the beginning is equal- Vо.
if and
and also if
The only course is selected mathematically responding both
the restrictions to trajection parameters, and providing minimum
consumptions of tracking energy
Speed station travel time, min
ЭТР
1:29 13 11 7 22 16 20 ТР
1:29 15 13 8 23 13 17
Electric energy consumptions of track sides, kW
1334
220
195 94
330
270
225
1440
180
160 85
315
390 5
310
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6. RESULTS OF CALCULATION - REDISTRIBUTION OF TIME BETWEEN STATIONS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
traffic on energy-optimized time of motion
Reduction of Energy consumption occurs by:
The maximum use of kinetic energy – the maximum time of traffic for slowing period;
The maximum reduction of transit length with high speed.
traffic on scheduled time of motion
consumption on energy-optimized time of motion
consumption on scheduled time of motion 6
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7. SCHEME OF INTERACTION WITH AS «ENERGOGRAF»
Traffic data
(DB USAVP)
ARM Grafista 2
Train path data
Train set data
Locomotive data 4 1
Preparation of traffic data base
Optimized paths of schedules
AS Energograf
(optimization of motion times between stations, solution of problem paths) 3 5
Autorun 7
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8. PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPING POWER UNITS FOR INDEPENDENT LOCOMOTIVES
Modern diesel
Hydrogen power
Energy storage systems
“Environmental diesel”
Gas and diesel
Gas turbine engine
Natural gas
YEARS
Economic and
environmental
ratings
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9. RESULTS OF OPERATING GAS-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES PROTOTYPES
Replacement of up to 50% of diesel fuel with natural gas; confirmed by operation of diesel locomotives on October Railways (50%) and Sverdlovsk Railways (36%).
Savings of up to 25% on expenditure on acquired diesel fuel.
Improvement in environmental characteristics.
Traction characteristics of diesel locomotive maintained.
Use of natural gas beginning with 10% of nominal power of diesel (2nd position on main controller).
Possibility of converting existing diesel shunting locomotives to operating on natural gas.
Shunting loco
CME3G
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10. GAS TURBINE POWER UNITS
High coefficient of performance in a wide range of loads.
Environmentally friendly ratings.
Multi-fuel capability. Possibility of working 100% on natural gas.
Reduced expenditure on technical servicing and maintenance.
Minimal expenditure on powering auxiliary loads.
No cooling system or lubrication system required.
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11. POWER INSTALLATION WORKING ON FUEL CELLS FOR OPERATING IN TUNNELS
Electrochemical generator «Foton»
(fuel cell)
In fuel cells chemical fuel energy transforms directly into electric energy, unlike thermal engines, where transformation process of chemical energy proceeds through several intermediate stages
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12. Energy car equipment - Four electrochemical generators «Foton»
- 12 balloons of 650 l for compressed hydrogen storage
- 6 balloons of 650 l for compressed oxygen storage
- 4 balloons of 40 l for compressed nitrogen storage
- Electronic control and safety system
- Pressure, temperature, current, voltage, gas leakage sensors
- Thermoregulation circuit
- Reburning hydrogen block
- Two nickel-cadmium batteries
- Water of reaction collectors
- Gearboxes, valves, gates, connecting tubes, adapters
- General assembly elements
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13. USE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY, RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
Electronic rotation speed regulator
Gasket rings made from industrial fluoro rubber
TK41V-21 or TK32-09 turbocharger
Graflex thermal wear-resistant gaskets
Automatic self-cleaning fuel filter
Three-piece oil scrapers
Full-flow self-cleaning oil filter
Anti-scale hydromagnetic filters and hydrocyclone in cooling system sludge separator
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14. PROPOSAL FOR JOINT WORK
Developing programmes for use of natural gas as engine fuel in rail transport.
Creating test models of power units operating on natural gas and of gas locomotives.
Equipping pilot areas with gas locomotives and gas refuelling infrastructure.
Research into future power units for rolling stock.
Defining the profile of new rolling stock in the light of scientific and technical developments for each period of time examined.
Carrying out joint research in fire safety.
Harmonising national regulatory documents in the field of fire safety, health and safety at work, and environmental protection.
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15. Thank you for your interest
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