1. to learn about your BRAIN!!!
Today is a great day
to learn about your BRAIN!!!

2. Human Brain

3. How do we know about the brain?
EEG- electrical activity of brain
CAT- 3D images
MRI- image of radio waves/ Hydrogen atom energy
PET- visual image of trace chemical activity after injection of radioactive substance

4. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Electrodes are placed on the scalp that amplify recordings of the waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface

7. Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan)
A series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of the brain

10. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that allow us to see structures within the brain

13. Position Emission Tomography (PET Scan)
A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

17. Accidents
Case study analysis of victims of suffer from a brain injury, resulting in variations in normal behavior
IE. Phineas Gage

18. Lesions
Lesioning is the removal or destruction of part of the brain.
IE. Lobotomy

19. Let’s Review Get the most important idea worksheet
At your tables come up with what you think is the most important idea and then 5 supporting ideas

21. THE BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONS

22. I. The Hindbrain

24. The hindbrain is the oldest and innermost region of the brain

25. Hindbrain
The functions of the hindbrain are mostly done outside of our awareness, and occur without any conscious effort.

26. Functions
The functions of the hindbrain control basic biological functions that keep the human body alive.

27. Hindbrain parts
There are three brain areas associated with the Hindbrain (some parts are associated with Brain Stem):
Medulla
Cerebellum
Pons

28. Cerebellum Extending from the rear of the brainstem is the CEREBELLUM
The CEREBELLUM coordinates voluntary movements and balance (along with the BASIL GANGLIA)

31. Okay let’s teach Time to move Shake hands with 4 different people.
Next touch 6 different walls
Stop await instructions 

32. Partner Up Get a simile summary for the group of two
You may pick any part of the hindbrain and make up a simile
Have fun with this!

33. THE MIDBRAIN

34. II. The Midbrain
The Midbrain is located between the hindbrain and the forebrain
This area is responsible for coordinating simple muscle movements with changes in sensory information

35. MIDBRAIN
The MIDBRAIN is also responsible for behaviors associated with hearing and sight
Pupil dilation and eyeball movement

38. THE FOREBRAIN

39. III. The Forebrain Areas of the forebrain control thought and reason.
There are five main regions of the forebrain to study:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
The Cerebral Cortex

40. Thalamus On top of the hindbrain is the THALAMUS
The THALAMUS receives sensory input from all of the senses except smell, and routes it to the proper area of the brain for processing
The THALAMUS also helps to control the electrical currents in the brain

43. Hypothalamus
The HYPOTHALAMUS is responsible for several maintenance activities, including eating, drinking, body temperature, and sexual arousal

44. Hypothalamus
It does this by controlling the pituitary gland that releases hormones into the bloodstream

47. The HIPPOCAMPUS is essential to memory processing

50. Amygdala
The AMYGDALA is tied to emotions, especially those of aggression, rage, and fear
In stressful situations, where teens make some of their decisions

52. Limbic System
A ring of structures around the thalamus; at the border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
Helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst
Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala

54. Get the important ideas form
Look at the forebrain and go over the most important ideas
Assign a job description to each part

55. Cerebral Cortex

56. Cerebral Cortex
The body’s ultimate control and information processing center
Covers the brain’s lower level structures
Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells

57. Glial Cells
The CEREBRAL CORTEX is the intricate, wrinkled covering of the brain (FISSURES)
In addition to interneurons, it contains GLIAL CELLS, which guide neural connections, provide nutrients to myelin, and mop up neurotransmitters

60. The Cerebral Cortex is split into two halves, or Hemispheres:
Right Hemisphere
Left Hemisphere

61. The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the CORPUS CALLOSUM

62. Hemispheres of the Brain

67. Each hemisphere of the brain has different functions
Each hemisphere of the brain has different functions. This is called hemispheric specialization.

71. LET’S LOOK AT THE LOBES!!!!

72. The Cerebral Cortex is split into four LOBES, with half of each one on the left, and half of each one on the right:
The FRONTAL LOBE
The PARIETAL LOBE
The OCCIPITAL LOBE
The TEMPORAL LOBE

75. Frontal Lobes
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead
Is involved in making plans and judgments
abstract thought, speaking, muscle movements

77. Occipital Lobe The primary visual processing area
Located in the back of the head

79. Parietal Lobes
Regions available for general processing, including mathematical reasoning
Designated as the association lobes
Behind the frontal lobes
Processes taste, smell, and feeling
Motion – motor cortex

81. Temporal Lobes Found near the ears Involved in hearing
Memory retrieval

83. Motor Cortex Area at the rear of the frontal lobes
Controls voluntary movement
Different parts of the cortex control different parts of the body.
The motor cortex in the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and visa versa.

85. Motor Cortex
The motor cortex receives messages from the rest of the brain and then sends messages back to the muscles of the body in order to control voluntary movements.

88. Somatosensory Cortex Located in the front of the parietal lobes
Registers and processes body senses
Soma is Greek for “body.”

90. Hemispheric Differences
Module 8: The Brain

91. Hemispheric Differences
“Left-brained” and “right-brained” debunked
Brain is divided into two hemispheres but works as a single entity.
Both sides continually communicate via the corpus callosum, except in those with split brains.

92. Brain Plasticity
Module 8: The Brain

93. Plasticity The ability of the brain tissue to take on new functions
Greatest in childhood
Important if parts of the brain are damaged or destroyed