1. Vagrant Managing Virtual Machines

2. “But it works on my machine….”

3. Vagrant – take back control!
Build environments based on virtual machines
Create a development system that matches production
Share that system with development team

4. What is Vagrant? A wrapper around Virtual Machines
VirtualBox, VMware, AWS
Create standard environments using provisioning scripts
Everyone works from the same base configuration
Remote access to boxes
Help test and debug remotely

5. Why use Vagrant Create new Virtual Machines (VMs) quickly
Reproducibility
Provision the environments with a script
Portability
Only need to copy the initialisation and provisioning scripts
Cross Platform
Linux, MacOS, Windows

6. Pre-Requisites VirtualBox or similar The Virtual Machine system
Vagrant
Download installer from
A Base box (Next Slide...)

7. Vagrant Boxes Previously built base VM images that are ready to run
Create your own
Use a publicly created one
Various flavours of Linux, Windows or MacOS

8. $ vagrant box add USER/BOX
Vagrant Boxes (cont.)
VM images are downloaded available globally to the local host system
Add a box to the local repository (done automatically in the initialisation)
$ vagrant box add USER/BOX

9. Hashicorp (makers of Vagrant) publish as basic Ubuntu Linux 12.04 box
Official Boxes
Hashicorp (makers of Vagrant) publish as basic Ubuntu Linux box
$ vagrant box add hashicorp/precise64

10. $ vagrant init hashicorp/precise64
Getting Up and Running
Having found a suitable image, all it needs is to be initialised and brought up
$ cd ~/wip/new_project
$ vagrant init hashicorp/precise64
$ vagrant up
$ vagrant ssh

11. $ vagrant init
This will check the local repository for the image and download it if required
Creates a copy of the image in your working directory
Creates a Vagrantfile initialisation file in your working directory

12. $ vagrant up Reads the configuation from the Vagrantfile
Starts the Virtual Machine
Provisions the machine according to the configuration
Includes copying a SSH public key for access to the VM

13. $ vagrant ssh
Logs into the VM over SSH using the public key created during initialisation

14. Vagrantfile The key configuration file
Describes the VM configuration and optional provisioning
Written in Ruby (but simple enough to understand without detailed knowledge of Ruby)

15. Search Path
Vagrant will climb the directory tree looking for the first Vagrantfile it can find
Starts from the current directory and works up
Start can be overridden with VAGRANT_CWD environment variable

16. Minimum Configuration
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-16.04"
end
This will use the Ubuntu VM from the open source
Bento* project in a default configuration.
* Bento – a single portion carry out meal in Japanese cooking

17. Some Config options config.vm
config.vm.box
The VM to be used
config.vm.hostname
Sets the hostname of the box
config.vm.network
Configures the network (see separate slide)
config.vm.provider
Configures settings specific to a provider (see separate slide)
config.vm.synced_folder
Configures the synced folders between the host and the guest (see separate slide)

18. Some Config options config.vm.network
Port forwarding
Static IP
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
end
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: " "
end

19. Private vs Public Networks
By default, networks are private (only accessible from the host machine)
Use the flag "public_network" to make the guest network accessible from the LAN
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: " "
end

20. Some Config options config.vm.provider
Allows overriding options for the Virtual Machine provider.
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "2048"
end

21. Some Config options config.vm.synced_folder
By default, Vagrant shares the project directory (the one with the Vagrantfile) to the guest as /vagrant
Additional folders can be shared
Useful option to keep project sources on the host machine
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# other config here
config.vm.synced_folder "src/", "/srv/website"
end

22. Provisioning Allows initial configuration of the VM Shell scripts
Ansible
Chef
Puppet
etc

23. When provisioning happens
On first vagrant up
When vagrant provision is run on an active VM
When vagrant reload --provision is run

24. Define provisioning within the Vagrant file config.vm.provision
Basic Provisioning
Define provisioning within the Vagrant file
config.vm.provision
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# ... other configuration
config.vm.provision "shell" do |s|
s.inline = "echo hello"
end

25. Either inline or path (path to an external script file)
Shell Scripts
Either inline or path (path to an external script file)
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
apt-get update
# Create the linux directory if it does not exist
if [ ! -d /home/vagrant/src/linux ]
then
cd /home/vagrant
mkdir src
cd src fi
SHELL
end

26. Shell Scripts Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "script.sh"
end
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "
end
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
apt-get update
mkdir /home/vagrant/src
SHELL
end

27. Files Allows uploading of files from the host to the guest VM
Used in conjunction with shell scripts
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# ... other configuration
config.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.gitconfig", destination: ".gitconfig"
end

28. Sharing the VM
Allows sharing of the VM to anyone (including remote sites)
Three modes
HTTP
SSH
General
Any (or all) and be used at any time
Requires (free) account with Hashicorp Atlas

29. Creates a URL that you can share with anyone Default mode
HTTP Sharing
Creates a URL that you can share with anyone
Default mode
$ vagrant share
==> default: Detecting network information for machine...
default: Local machine address:
default: Local HTTP port: 4567
default: Local HTTPS port: disabled
==> default: Checking authentication and authorization...
==> default: Creating Vagrant Share session...
default: Share will be at: ghastly-wombat-4051
==> default: Your Vagrant Share is running!
default: Name: ghastly-wombat-4051
==> default: URL:

30. SSH Sharing
Creates a hostname that can be used to provide remote SSH access
Creates a public/private key pair.
Private key is encrypted and uploaded to the Vagrant management server
Public key copied to guest VM
Access remotely with
$ vagrant connect –ssh <hostname>

31. SSH Sharing (Cont.) $ vagrant share --ssh
==> default: Detecting network information for machine...
default: Local machine address:
default: Local HTTP port: 4567
default: Local HTTPS port: disabled
default: SSH Port: 22
==> default: Generating new SSH key...
default: Please enter a password to encrypt the key:
default: Repeat the password to confirm:
default: Inserting generated SSH key into machine...
==> default: Checking authentication and authorization...
==> default: Creating Vagrant Share session...
default: Share will be at: itty-bitty-polar-8667
==> default: Your Vagrant Share is running!
default: Name: itty-bitty-polar-8667

32. vagrant halt Stops the VM cleanly vagrant destroy Removes the VM
Stopping the VM
vagrant halt
Stops the VM cleanly
vagrant destroy
Removes the VM

33. Questions? ming@siliconbladeconsultants.com

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