1. 7th Grade Unit 2 Ch3, Section 4
The Southern Colonies
7th Grade
Unit 2
Ch3, Section 4

2. The Southern colonies relied on cash crops to survive while the French and Spanish tried to establish their own settlements. Spanish & French settlements developed in different ways from the English settlements.

3. Maryland Maryland arose from Catholic Lord Baltimore (Sir Calvert)
Wanted to establish a safe place for persecuted Catholics
Also hoped for a colony that would bring him fortune

4. In establishing the colony of Maryland settlers turned to tobacco farming
To avoid dependence on one crop, law declared that 2 acres of corn must be grown by all tobacco farmers
Also grew wheat, fruit, vegetables, and livestock

5. 1649, The Act of Toleration was passed by Lord Baltimore
Protect Catholics from attempts to make Maryland a Protestant colony
Right to worship freely
1692, Protestant controlled Assembly made the Anglican Church the official church of Maryland
Imposed the same restrictions on Catholics as in England

6. Virginia
Western settlers opposed Virginia’s government run by easterners
Disobeyed Berkeley’s pledge to not push further inland
Settled in forbidden lands and blamed Jamestown for not protecting them from the Native’s raids

7. Bacon’s Rebellion of 1676
Nathaniel Bacon leads westerners in attacks on Native villages
Bacon’s army marches into Jamestown, sets fire to the capital and drives Berkeley into exile
Bacon’s sudden illness and death prevent him from taking charge of Virginia
Berkeley is recalled as governor
Colonial government of Virginia created a militia to control the Natives and opened up more land to settlement.

8. The Carolinas
1663, King Charles II created a large proprietary colony south of Virginia
Called Carolina
Given to 8 prominent members of the King’s court who helped him regain his throne

9. Proprietors carved out large estates for themselves
Hoped to make money by selling and renting land
1680, founded a city called Charles Town
Would become Charleston

10. John Locke wrote a constitution for the Carolina colony
Covered subjects such as land distribution and social ranking
Concerned with people’s rights and principles
No person can “own” another body or their work
The colony did not develop according to the plan
North and south go separate ways and create 2 colonies

11. Northern Carolina was settled mostly by farmers from the Virginia back country
Grew tobacco and sold forest products (timber and tar)
With no good port, relied on Virginia ports and merchants to conduct their trade

12. Southern Carolina was more prosperous due to fertile farmland and a harbor at Charles Town
Also traded in deerskins, lumber, and beef
Discovered rice grew well in the coastal lowlands
Soon becomes the colony’s leading cash crop
Eliza Lucas discovers the cash crop of indigo
Use to dye textiles
Known as the “blue gold” of Carolina
Most colonists came from the English colony on the island of Barbados in the West Indies
Brought enslaved Africans with them to work the rice fields
By 1708 more than ½ the population of southern Carolina were enslaved Africans

13. Settlers of Carolina wanted a greater role in the colony’s government
Southern settlers seized control from the proprietors in 1719
1729 Carolina becomes 2 royal colonies—North Carolina and South Carolina

14. Georgia
Last of the British colonies to be established in America, founded in 1733
Group led by General James Oglethorpe received a charter
Create a colony where English debtors and the poor could make a new, fresh start

15. British government had different reason for creating Georgia
Protect the other British colonies from Spanish attack
Britain and Spain at war in the early 1700s with new conflicts over territory in North America
Located between Spanish Florida and British South Carolina, to serve as a military barrier

16. Oglethorpe led the 1st group of settlers to Georgia in 1733
Built a town called Savannah and forts to defend against the Spanish
Wanted people of the colony to be hardworking, independent, and Protestant
Kept farm sizes small
Banned slavery, Catholics, and rum

17. Although planned as a British debtors colony, few debtors came
Hundreds of British poor
Religious refugees of Germany and Switzerland
Small group of Jews
Georgia soon had a higher percentage of non-British settlers than any other British colony in North America

18. Many settlers complained about the limits on landholdings and the ban on slave labor
Also objected to Oglethorpe’s rules regulating their lives
Referred to as “our perpetual dictator”

19. Oglethorpe grew frustrated over the colonist demands and the colony’s slow growth
Agreed to larger landholdings and lifted the ban on slavery and rum
1751 gives up and turns the colony over to the King

20. New France
French were not interested in large-scale settlement in North America
Mainly concerned with fishing and fur trapping
Built forts and trading posts to protect their profitable trade

21. 1670s, French fur trader, Joliet, and priest, Marquette, explored the Mississippi River by canoe
Hoped to find gold, silver, or other precious metals
Looking for water passage to the Pacific Ocean
Reached as far south as the junction of the Arkansas and Mississippi Rivers
When realized the Mississippi River emptied south into the Gulf of Mexico rather than west to the Pacific, they turned back

22. Few years later, Cavelier and La Salle followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico
La Salle claimed land around the river for France
Called the territory Louisiana (honor King Louis XIV)
French governor founded the port of New Orleans at the mouth of the River

23. New France settlement growth was slow
Built large estates with tenant farmers
Good relationships with the Natives
Lived amongst them, didn’t try to change their culture
Didn’t push them off their lands

24. New Spain
Spain wanted to control land between French Louisiana and their own colony in Mexico
Established settlements in Santa Fe, Arizona, and San Antonio
Built string of missions along the Pacific coast
Claimed California
Convert the Natives to Catholicism and serve as laborers in fields and workshops