1. 3.06 Understand the Disorders of the Integumentary System

2. Essential Questions:
What are some disorders of the integumentary system?
How are integumentary system disorders treated?
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

3. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Acne vulgaris:
Common and chronic disorder of the sebaceous glands
Sebaceous glands secrete excessive oil or sebum, which is deposited at the openings of the glands.
Eventually this oily deposit be comes hard or keratinized, plugging up the opening

4. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Acne vulgaris:
How is it treated?
Topical medication that dry up oil
Antibiotics
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

5. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Acne vulgaris:
Can it be prevented?
Keep area (face) clean
Balanced healthy diet
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

6. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Athlete’s foot
What causes athlete’s foot?
Contagious fungal infection
Fungus infects the superficial skin layer and leads to skin eruptions.
Skin eruptions look like small blisters
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

7. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Athlete’s foot Symptoms
Dry and cracking feet
Can be between toes and fingers
Itchy burning sensation
Not Everyone has same symptoms
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

8. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Athlete’s foot
Treatment
Keep feet dry and cool
Use antifungal medication
Wear shoes in public areas such as showers, pool areas and hotel rooms
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

9. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Burns:
Traumatic injury
Result of:
Radiation from the sun (sunburn)
A heat lamp
Contact with boiling water
Steam
Fire
Chemical
Electricity
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

10. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Burns:
First-degree
Superficial burn just on the surface of the skin in the epidermis
Symptoms: Redness, pain, swelling
Treatment: apply cold water
Diagnosis: heals within a week
superficial
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

11. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Burns: Second degree
Involves epidermis and dermis
Symptoms: pain, swelling, redness and blistering
Treatment: pain medication, dry sterile dressings applied to open wounds to stop infection
Diagnosis: Healing generally occurs within two weeks
Partial thickness

12. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Burns: Third-degree
Involves complete destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers
Symptoms: loss of skin, eschar (black skin), no pain or limited pain (WHY?)
Treatment: Hospitalization, surgery, fluid replacement, infection preventions, skin grafting
Full thickness

13. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Burns:
Compare the different degrees of burns.
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

14. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Burns:
Rule of Nines
Used to quickly assess percentage of body surface burned.
Can be used to determine extent of treatment needed.

15. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Burns: Rule of Nines
Measures the percent of the body burned
Body is divided into 11 area and each area accounts for 9% of total body surface

16. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Dermatitis
Dermat itis
Inflammation of the skin which is nonspecific.
Ex: using a particular soap may cause a rash
Ex: emotional stress my cause blotchiness
Skin inflammation
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

17. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Dermatitis/Eczema
How are dermatitis and eczema similar?
Both cause rashes on skin
Both exhibit redness and inflammation
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

18. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Dermatitis/Eczema
How are they different?
Dermatitis is non-specific
Eczema is noncontagious inflammatory skin disease, usually occurs as an allergic reaction in first year of life.
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

19. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Dermatitis/Eczema
What is the treatment?
Remove irritant by washing or avoiding causative agent
Apply topical cream or ointment
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

20. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Herpes
Viral infection that is usually a blister
Most common types are
Herpes Simplex
Genital Herpes
Herpes Zoster (shingles)

21. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Herpes
Herpes simplex virus:
Occurs around the mouth and is commonly known as fever blister or cold sore

22. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Herpes
Herpes simplex virus
What are the symptoms?
Various, sometimes burning, itching
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

23. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Herpes
Herpes simplex virus
How is it spread?
May be spread through oral contact (kissing)
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

24. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Herpes
Herpes simplex virus
What is the prognosis?
Recurrent once infected
Antiviral medications, ointments
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

25. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Impetigo
Acute, inflammatory and contagious skin disease seen in babies and young children.
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

26. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Impetigo
What two bacteria cause impetigo?
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

27. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Impetigo
Symptoms:
Blisters that rupture and crust over.
Appears as yellowish blister and crust.
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

28. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Impetigo
Treatment:
Topical antibacterial creams
Oral antibiotics
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

29. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory skin disease
Characterized by development of dry reddish patches which are covered by reddish silvery- white scales
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

30. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Psoriasis
Most affected areas are elbow, knees, shins, scalp, and lower back
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

31. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Psoriasis
What is the treatment?
No current treatment
Keep skin moisturized
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

32. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Ringworm
Highly contagious fungal infection.
Symptoms are a red circular patch
Two examples of ringworm
How would this be diagnosed?
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

33. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Ringworm
How is it spread?
Contact with infected area
Can spread from animal to human

34. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Ringworm
How is it treated?
Antifungal cream
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

35. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Scabies
Mites burrow under the skin
Causes intense itching
Appears on skin as small blisters and red patches will form on the skin above each mite
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

36. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Scabies
Is it contagious?
Easily transmitted from skin-to- skin contact with an affected person
Highly contagious
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

37. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Scabies
How is it treated?
The mite is a parasite so it is treated with anti- parasitic cream, topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines for itching
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

38. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Scabies
How is it prevented?
Avoid contact with infected person or animal
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

39. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Shingles
What is the cause of shingles?
Herpes Zoster
Is it contagious?
Not contagious
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

40. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Shingles
Who is most at risk?
Older adults that were infected with Chickenpox as a child
Generally exhibits with adult who is immunocompromised
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

41. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Shingles
How is it prevented?
vaccine
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

42. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin cancer
Associated with exposure to UV light
Scientists are cautioning people to limit direct exposure to sunlight or use sunscreen
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in people

43. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin cancer
Three types: explained on next slides
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

44. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common
Least malignant
Usually on the face
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

45. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Abnormal cells start in epidermis and extend to dermis
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

46. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Treatment:
Surgical removal
Cryosurgery
Radiation
Prognosis:
Full recovery in 99% of cases
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

47. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin Cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Arises from the epidermis
Occurs most often on scalp and lower lip
Grows quickly and spreads (metastasizes) to the lymph nodes
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

48. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin Cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Treatment is surgical removal and radiation
Prognosis is good if found early
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

49. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
Occurs in pigmented cells of the skin called melanocytes.
Cancer cells metastasize to other areas quickly

50. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
This type of tumor may appear as a brown or black irregular patch which occurs suddenly.
A color change of preexisting wart or mole may also indicate melanoma

51. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
Treatment is surgical removal and the surrounding tissue area.
Along with chemotherapy

52. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin lesions:
Discuss the characteristics of the different skin lesions.
Next slides

53. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin lesions:
Compare these types of skin lesions.
Macule - localized changes in skin color of less than 1 cm ex: Freckle
Papule - solid, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter ex: elevated navi
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

54. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin lesions:
Compare these types of skin lesions.
Pustule -
vesicles or bullae that become filled with pus usually described as less than 0.5 cm in diameter EX: acne, impetigo
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

55. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin lesions:
Compare these types of skin lesions.
Accumulation of fluid between the upper layers of the skin
Elevated mass containing serous fluid, less than 10 mm
EX: herpes simplex, herpes zoster, chickenpox
Vesicle
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

56. Disorders of the Integumentary System
Skin lesion: Decubitus ulcer
A depressed lesion of the epidermis and upper papillary layer of the dermis
Decubitus ulcers are usually caused by repeated pressure in one area
Prevention through movement
Treated with cleanliness, keeping area dry and using topical ointment

57. Disorders of the Integumentary System
warts
Caused by human papilloma viral infections
Very contagious
Usually affect skin surrounding or underneath nail
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

58. Disorders of the Integumentary System
warts
Can be painful and sometimes cause limited use of the affected finger or toes
Treatment: freezing wart off or chemically treating
There are many different types!
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

59. Essential Questions:
What are some disorders of the integumentary system?
How are integumentary system disorders treated?
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system