1. Objectives
Describe the origins, beliefs, and development of Hinduism.
Explain the origins, beliefs, and practices of Buddhism.
Describe Minoan civilization.
Identify contributions of the Phoenicians.
Summarize the extent and impact of ancient world trade.
Procedure: 3.2,3
Bell Ringer: “Today we will be learning about cultures that engaged in international trade. What are some examples of things you own that come from other countries?”
Lecture/Discussion
Homework Review
Homework
Read Chapter 3.4,4.1 and answer the questions at the end of each section.
Guided Reading 3.2,3

2. Chapter 3: Section 2 Hinduism and Buddhism Develop
The beliefs of the Vedic Age develop into Hinduism and Buddhism.

3. Hinduism Evolves Over the Centuries
Collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over time (1a)
No one founder with a single set of ideas
Origins and Beliefs
B.C. Hindu teachers create Upanishads (4a)—texts of teachings
Each person has atman—soul united with all others in Brahman (2a)
In reincarnation--, people reborn to new lives
A soul’s good and bad deeds, karma, determines course of new life (5a)

5. Hinduism Evolves Over Centuries
Hinduism Changes and Develops
Over last 2,500 years different forms of gods grow in importance (3a)
Today, Hindus choose own path to moksha—a state of perfect understanding (6a)
Hinduism and Society
Hinduism strengthened the caste system

6. Gods Krishna playing the flute and Balarma holding horn

8. Hinduism Evolves Over Centuries
New Religions Arise
Jainism, a new religion, arises in 500 B.C.
Jains will not harm any creature
They work in trade; practice religious tolerance

9. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment
Siddhartha Gutama
Founder of Buddhism (1b); priests prophesized his greatness
Siddhartha’s Quest
Raised in isolation, Siddhartha Guatama wants to learn about the world
Seeks enlightenment (wisdom), how to escape human suffering
Tries many methods; gains enlightenment by meditating
Becomes the Buddha, the “enlightened one”

10. Life of Buddha showing him being offered herbs, Tibet

12. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment
Origins and Beliefs
Buddha begins to teach followers
Preaches Four Noble Truths—basic philosophy of Buddhism
Fourth Noble Truth is to follow the Eightfold Path to achieve nirvana (2b)
Nirvana: (2b)
A perfect state of understanding
A release from selfishness and pain
A break from the chain of reincarnations, rebirths
Buddha rejects caste system and multiple gods of Hinduism (3b)

14. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment
The Religious Community
Some followers devote lives to religion, become monks and nuns (6b)
Three bases of Buddhism: Buddha, religious community, teachings
Buddhism and Society
Many followers at first among poor and lower caste
Monks and nuns spread Buddha’s teachings (5b)
Teachings written to become sacred literature (4b)

15. Statue of Buddha, India

16. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment
Buddhism in India
Spread to other parts of Asia
Never gains firm hold in India; Hinduism remains strong
Buddhist pilgrims often visit India (6b)
Trade and the Spread of Buddhism
Buddhism spreads by traders to:
Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Sumatra
China, Korea, Japan
(Interactive)

17. Hindu India and Buddhist Sites, 563-483 B.C.

18. Chapter 3: Section 3 Seafaring Traders
Trading Societies extend the development of civilizations beyond the Crescent region.

19. Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean
The Minoan People
The Minoans, powerful seafaring people, live on Crete in Aegean Sea
Dominate trade in eastern Mediterranean from to 1400 B.C.
Culture influences others, especially Greeks
The bull had special significance in Minoan history and culture (4)

21. Minoan Civilization

22. Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean
Unearthing a Brilliant Civilization
Excavations of Knossos, capital city of Minoan civilization, revealed:
Minoans were peaceful (1), athletic, lovers of nature and beauty (2)
Women had major role, especially in religion (3)
Sacrificed animals, and sometimes people, to gods
Archaeologists name civilization Minoa after King Minos
King Minos—legendary king who owned a minotaur

23. Detail of Minoan wall painting of woman carrying vessel in procession (about 1400 B.C.)

24. Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean
Minoan Culture’s Mysterious End
Earthquakes in 1700 B.C. cause damage, but Minoans rebuild
In 1470 B.C. major earthquakes and volcanic eruption
Minoans never recover from disasters
Invaders from Greece take Minoan lands

26. Phoenicians Spread Trade and Civilization
The Phoenician People
Phoenicians—powerful traders in wealthy city- states along Mediterranean
Skilled shipbuilders, seafarers (5); sailed around continent of Africa
Commercial Outposts Around the Mediterranean
Phoenicians set up colonies in western and central Mediterranean
Famous for red-purple dye produced from snail (6)

27. Phoenician trading ship arriving at Pharos, Alexandria, Egypt
Phoenician trading ship arriving at Pharos, Alexandria, Egypt. Watercolor

28. Murex, the mollusk shell from which red-purple dye is made.

30. Phoenicians Spread Trade and Civilization
Phoenicia’s Great Legacy: The Alphabet
Developed system of writing to record trade deals (7)
Later developed into western alphabet

31. Alphabets-Ancient and Modern

32. Ancient Trade Routes Trade Links Peoples
Land routes link Mediterranean world and Asia
Indian traders sail to Southeast Asia and Indoneesia
Trade helps spread culture, ideas, religion

34. Objectives
Describe the origins, beliefs, and development of Hinduism.
Explain the origins, beliefs, and practices of Buddhism.
Describe Minoan civilization.
Identify contributions of the Phoenicians.
Summarize the extent and impact of ancient world trade.
Procedure: 3.2,3
Bell Ringer: “Today we will be learning about cultures that engaged in international trade. What are some examples of things you own that come from other countries?”
Lecture/Discussion
Homework Review
Homework
Read Chapter 3.4,4.1 and answer the questions at the end of each section.
Guided Reading 3.2,3

35. Reincarnation

36. Belief that the soul is reborn

37. Karma

38. Good or bad deeds

39. Jainism

40. Religion that teaches every living creature has a soul and no living creature has a soul and no living creature can be harmed

41. Siddhartha Gautama

42. Founder of Buddhism

43. Enlightenment

44. Wisdom

45. Nirvana

46. Buddha’s word for release from selfishness and pain

47. Terms: Buddhism- Nirvana, Hinduism- Moksha
Caste system
Many gods
Both
Reincarnation
Enlightenment
Cyclical history
Buddhism
Four Noble Truths
Middle Way
Terms: Buddhism- Nirvana, Hinduism- Moksha

48. 3. What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

49. Life is suffering, caused by desire; to end suffering, end desire; to overcome desire, follow the Middle Way.

50. 4. How has Hinduism influenced social structure in India?

51. It strengthened the caste system.

52. 5. How did Buddhism spread?

53. By missionaries and trade.

54. Minoans

55. Group of powerful seafaring people

56. Aegean Sea

57. Sea between modern day Greece and Turkey

58. Knossos

59. Minoan capital city

60. King Minos

61. King of Knossos

62. Phoenicians

63. Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean

64. Minoan
Phoenician
Traders
City-States
Bull Leapers
Dye
Pottery
Alphabet
Sample Answer: Alphabet, because of far reaching consequences.

65. 3. What did the excavations at Knossos reveal about Minoan culture?

66. Was an advanced, thriving culture

67. 4. Where did the Phoenicians settle and trade?

68. Around the Mediterranean

69. 5. Why did the Phoenicians develop a writing system?

70. To keep business records.

71. Objectives
Describe the origins, beliefs, and development of Hinduism.
Explain the origins, beliefs, and practices of Buddhism.
Describe Minoan civilization.
Identify contributions of the Phoenicians.
Summarize the extent and impact of ancient world trade.
Procedure: 3.2,3
Bell Ringer: “Today we will be learning about cultures that engaged in international trade. What are some examples of things you own that come from other countries?”
Lecture/Discussion
Homework Review
Homework
Read Chapter 3.4,4.1 and answer the questions at the end of each section.
Guided Reading 3.2,3