1. Prehistory and the Neolithic Revolution

2. Human Dominance last life form on earth spread quickly to every region
by 10,000 B.C.E. man present on all continents except Antarctica
population density was low and life expectancy was about 20 years
climate changes and need for food led to global migrations
technology was slow to improve

3. NO NO
YES
YES

4. The Paleolithic Age “Old Stone Age” refers to early prehistoric man
approximately 2.5 million B.C.E. – 12,000 B.C.E.
crude, simple stone and wood tools (spears, bows)
competition for food, beginning of speech
rituals began (Venus figures), fire became important, used animals for clothing
greatest achievement was spread
of population via land bridges
(migrations)

6. Hunting and Gathering
economy prevented individuals from accumulating wealth/property
society was small and egalitarian
demonstrated intelligence, ability to plan together, exploited environment

7. The Neolithic Revolution
population increased from improved climate
more reliable sources for food needed
 addition of crops slowly replaced much hunting
animals were domesticated (dogs, sheep, goats, pigs, and later cows)
animals provided protein, clothes, manure
pastoralism developed for some groups

9. Spread of Agriculture
techniques of production spread from the Middle East (Turkey/Mesopotamia)
wheat and barley went to India, Europe, and North Africa
Sub-Sahara Africa was based on root and tree crops
millet and rice developed in China
maize, manioc, and sweet potatoes were American
“slash and burn” was early method and resulted in expansion into new regions
settlements brought disease

11. Specialization and Society
surplus of food enabled individuals to concentrate labor in other areas
earliest pottery from Japan in 10,000 B.C.E.
earliest metal work was in copper around 6000 B.C.E.
textiles arose around the time of metal use
specialization led to acquisition of wealth (property)
clearly defined social classes and gender distinctions rose
barter, trade, and market-life began
deities represented life and death, the natural world, fertility and agriculture

12. Jericho, Israel
~ 8000 B.C.E.
Çatal Hüyük, Turkey
~ 7000 B.C.E.

13. Summarize
Paleolithic
Neolithic

14. Summary Paleolithic Neolithic Humans dominate Migrated across earth
Adapted to environment
Language developed
Low population
Fire improved life
Used simple stone tools
Hunted and gathered
Society egalitarian
Humans began farming
Settled in one place
More reliable food source
Domestication of animals
Improved technology
Specialization in jobs
Changes in social structure
Disease begins