1. Open Education Resource: Vitamins- chemistry, sources and diseases
Work done as part of AICTE approved
FDP201x Pedagogy for Online and Blended Teaching-Learning Process
Lesson 7 : Vitamin K – chemistry, sources and diseases
RC1128_Team 85
Dr. Zeenat N. Kashmiri, Department of Zoology
Dr. Sujata A. Mankar , Department of Microbiology
OER on “Vitamins– chemistry, sources and diseases” by Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Dada Ramchand
Bakhru Sindhu Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur (MS), India, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share
Alike 4.0 International License. You are free to use, distribute and modify it, including for commercial purposes,
provided you acknowledge the source and share-alike.To view a copy of this license,
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2. Vitamins Learning Objectives Target Audience Tags of OER
Able to classify different types of vitamins
Explain deficiency diseases cause by vitamins
Understand role of vitamins
Identify foods that contain vitamins we needs daily
Target Audience
Undergraduate student those who opt Biological Sciences as one of the subject
Tags of OER
Vitamins, fat soluble vitamin, water soluble vitamin, sources, toxicity, role of vitamins
Tools used in OER Creation
Microsoft Power Point used to create presentation (ppt) to be uploaded on MOODLE site which is created as OER

3. Vitamin K Contents Introduction Chemistry of Vitamin K
Sources of Vitamin K
Recommendation (RDA)
Biochemical function
Diseases/Deficiency of Vitamin K
Practice questions
References

4. Vitamin K Introduction
Vitamins are the nutrients our bodies need in order to maintain functions such as immunity and metabolism.
Fat soluble vitamin is the classification of vitamins that are stored in fat cells when excess is present.
1939 : Dam & co-workers isolated ‘Vitamin K’ from the plant ‘Alfalfa’
Edward Doisy & associates : isolated another factor in the same year from fish –‘Vitamin K2
Dam & Doisy were awarded Nobel prize in the year 1943
Vitamin K is also known as phylloquinone
naturally produced by the bacteria in the intestines, and partially stored in liver of animals
plays an essential role in normal blood clotting, promoting bone health, and helping to produce proteins for blood, bones, and kidneys
It is used in synthesizing gamma carboxy glutamate, a post-translationally modified amino acid in prothrombin

5. Vitamin K Chemistry of Vitamin K Phylloquinone
Different compounds with Vitamin K activity were isolated from different sources
Vitamin K1: Phylloquinone (present in most edible vegetables)
Vitamin K2: Menaquinone(present in fish & produced by intestinal bacteria)
Vitamin K3: Menadione
-All compounds are structurally related to this simpler compound
Phylloquinone
Fig.- Structure of phylloquinone

6. Vitamin K Sources of Vitamin K
Green, leafy-vegetables such as turnip, greens, spinach, cauliflower, cabbage and broccoli, and
certain vegetables oils
including soybean oil, cottonseed oil, canola oil and olive oil.
Animal foods, like beef liver
, contain limited amounts of vitamin K.
Avacado
Broccoli
Spinach
Turnip
Green tea
Beef liver

7. Vitamin K

8. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)
Vitamin K
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)
Males and females age : 75 mcg/day; Males and females age 19 and older: 90 mcg/day
New born: μg once
1- 6 Months: 5 mg/day
6- 12 Months: 15 mg/day
Adult: 80 mg/Kg (body weight) / day

9. Vitamin K Biochemical functions
Main function : Promotion of coagulation of blood by helping in post-translational modification of clotting factors
Vitamin K dependent clotting factors : II(prothrombin), VII(SPCA), IX(Christmas factor) & X(Stuart-Prower factor)
Vitamin K acts at the ribosomal level, combining with a regulatory protein →helps in synthesis of clotting factors
plays an essential role in normal blood clotting, promoting bone health, and helping to produce proteins for blood, bones, and kidneys
It is used in synthesizing gamma carboxy glutamate, a post-translationally modified amino acid in prothrombin

10. Vitamin K Vitamin K Deficiency
Vitamin K deficiency causes ‘Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn’
Vitamin K deficiency may appear in infants or in people who take anticoagulants, such as Coumadin (warfarin), or antibiotic drugs. Newborn babies lack the intestinal bacteria to produce vitamin K and need a supplement for the first week.
Those on anticoagulant drugs (blood thinners) may become vitamin K deficient, but should not change their vitamin K intake without consulting a physician.
People taking antibiotics may lack vitamin K temporarily because intestinal bacteria are sometimes killed as a result of long-term use of antibiotics.
People with chronic diarrhea may have problems absorbing sufficient amounts of vitamin K through the intestine

11. Vitamin K Vitamin K Toxicity
Vitamin K, excessive amounts can cause the breakdown of red blood cells and liver damage.
People taking blood-thinning drugs or anticoagulants should moderate their intake of foods with vitamin K, because excess vitamin K can alter blood clotting times.
Large doses of vitamin K are not advised.

12. Take a pause and answer the following question
Vitamin K
Take a pause and answer the following question
Practice Questions
Q.1- Write down different sources of Vitamin K .
Q.2- What are different biochemical functions of Vitamin K?
Q.3- Describe the diseases causes by deficiency of Vitamin K.
Q.4 - What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin K ?
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13. Vitamin K References Physiology by C.C. Chatergi
Vitamins by M. G. Rajanandh
ppt of Vitamin K by Ravi kumar. M

14. Vitamin K
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