1. Long-Acting Local Anesthetics: Present and Future
Joseph Cravero MD FAAP
34th SSAI Congress
Sept

2. Current Issues in Local Anesthesia Use
Drugs are relatively toxic
Low potency
Multiple effects and actions
Influenced by pH
Must dissolve and diffuse
Short duration

3. Long Acting Options Liposomes Polymer Microparticles
Bupivacaine in Lipid Depot Foam (Exparel®)

4. Site 1 Sodium Channel Blockers Derived from Marine Toxins
Animal Studies document effectiveness
Human trials from Chile – display long-acting effectiveness and unique safety profile.
Boston Children’s Trial – increasing doses increase duration of the block and adding epinephrine further increases duration.
Potentially EXTREMELY useful adjunct to local anesthesia toolbox.