1. Learning Objectives: Explain where the earth’s matter comes from
Explain where the earth’s energy comes from
Know what all 12 of the “Levels of Life” are, AND in the proper order
Be able to tell if and how two creatures are from the same species

2. Think of the earth as ship in a bottle
Especially when considering the properties of
Mass and Energy

3. No, the total amount of mass is constant!
MASS of the Earth =  × 1024 kg
5,973,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg
Can the ship OR the earth gain more mass from the outside?
No, the total amount of mass is constant!
(except meteorites)
So on Earth, the Mass is constant; meaning the Earth, like the ship, is a CLOSED System

4. Yes, energy (sunlight) is always being absorbed
Can the ship or the earth gain more energy from the outside?
Yes, energy (sunlight) is always being absorbed
(the sun powers photosynthesis and the greenhouse effect)
So on Earth (like the ship) ENERGY is always coming in, meaning the Earth in this sense is an OPEN System
Best guess: 1350 Watts per square meter at the top of the atmosphere

5. Biotic: referring to anything that is living or once was living .
Sometimes the word “Organic” is used in the same way
Abiotic: referring to anything that is not alive and never has been.
Often the same as saying “Inorganic”

6. Levels of Life Pg 99 The biosphere Organelles Cell Ecosystems Cells
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
Tissues
Organs
and organ systems
Cell
1 µm
Atoms
10 µm
50 µm

7. The BIG picture

8. First Level of Life
(cells)

11. Compound/Molecule: a group of atoms bonded together
Atom: The smallest unit of an element that still “behaves” like that element (these properties are lost or changed if an atom is broken down further)
Compound/Molecule: a group of atoms bonded together
(EX: CO2, glucose, ATP, DNA)
Organelle: a specialized sub-unit in a cell that is separately enclosed in its own membrane (mitochondria, Nucleus, Golgi, RER, ER, etc), called the “organs of cells”

13. Cell: smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living (can grow, reproduce, has metabolism, response to stimuli) EX: skin cells, liver cells, hair and heart cells …
Tissue: a group of cells that perform the same general function (Ex: muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, bone marrow)

15. Organ and organ systems: A group of tissues that perform a specific function (ex Heart, Lungs, Bones, Stomach, Skin….)
Organism: an individual life form (duh!)
Species: groups of organisms that can mate AND produce FERTILE OFFSPRING (this level is not shown on the pictures)

16. Horse Donkey
Not
 Same Species 
Hinny or Mule (sterile)

17. Tiger Lion
Not
 Same Species 
Tigon or Liger
(Both essentially
sterile)

18. …remember “mate AND produce fertile offspring”
1. Insect A Insect B Insect D Insect E
Insect C
(sterile)
Insect F
(fertile)
A & B : different species of insect
D & E : same species of insect
Do we have the idea yet?…
…remember “mate AND produce fertile offspring”
Continuing on with our list…

20. Population: a collection of a single species located in one area
Ex: The Sandia Mountain black bear population
Community: ALL the different species that are sharing one area (must all be living things)
Ex: Trees, Birds, Bears, Ants, Grass…in the Sandia Mountains (all biotic factors)

21. Ecosystem: all the species (biotic) in one area, PLUS the non-living (abiotic) things in a particular area
Ex: ALL species & streams/rivers, soil, mountains (all biotic + abiotic factors) in the Sandia Mountain Range

22. Biosphere: all the biomes that make up the earth
Biome: Ecosystems around the world that share similar types of climates (precipitation and temperature cycles) and often similar types of vegetation (plant life)
Ex: Deserts, Tundra, Tropical Rain Forest, Tropical Dry Forest Taiga, Grasslands, Savannahs, Temperate Forest etc….pg100
Biosphere: all the biomes that make up the earth
End

23. Climate of Biomes

24. Levels of Life The biosphere Organelles Cell Ecosystems Cells Atoms
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
Tissues
Organs
and organ systems
Cell
1 µm
Atoms
10 µm
50 µm

25. Biomes