First Name, Last Name Science, and Section

First Name, Last Name Science, and Section

First Name, Last Name Science and Section
Treat this journal with care and respect. It will be very helpful for the bundled homework package.

RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.
BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly.

Taxonomy and Classification Unit

Let’s now break it down from large to small or from broad to specific.
- This unit belongs to Ryan P. Murphy Copyright 2010

You live, from broad to specific…
The Cosmos The Milkyway Galaxy The Sol System (solar system) Planet Earth North American Continent United States New Hampshire Merrimack County Andover Address Number on road Apartment at this number.

The Cosmos The Milkyway Galaxy The Sol System (solar system) Planet Earth North American Continent United States South Dakota Merrimack County Andover Address Number on road Apartment at this number.

The Cosmos The Milkyway Galaxy The Sol System (solar system) Planet Earth North American Continent United States South Dakota Roberts County Our Town Address Number on road Apartment at this number.

The Cosmos The Milkyway Galaxy The Sol System (solar system) Planet Earth North American Continent United States South Dakota Roberts County Sisseton

The Cosmos The Milkyway Galaxy The Sol System (solar system) Planet Earth North American Continent United States South Dakota Roberts County Sisseton Sisseton High School 516 8th Ave West

You are classified by… U.S Citizens State Residents County Residents
Town Residents By Age By homeroom Gender By peer groups Umm

Town Residents By Age By ACT Gender By peer groups Umm

Town Residents By Age By ACT Gender By peer groups ??

Activity! Pile of Sneakers.
Take off one of your sneakers / footwear and place it in a pile in the middle of the classroom.

Activity! Pile of Sneakers.
Take off one of your sneakers / footwear and place it in a pile in the middle of the classroom. Classify the types of footwear into different groups based on their similarities and differences.

Taxonomy: The science of classification.

Modern taxonomic classification, based on the natural concepts and system of the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus.

Classification is a very broad term which simply means putting things into groups.
Taxonomy means giving names to things.

How well do you know some common wildlife by their taxonomic names?
Danaus plexippus Micropterus salmoides Bos taurus Marmota monax Notophthalmus viridescens Meleagris gallopavo Cyanocitta cristata Rana Catesbiana Odocoileus virginianus Groundhog White Tailed Deer Largemouth Bass Domestic cow Blue Jay Turkey Newt Bull Frog Monarch Butterfly

? How well do you know some common wildlife by their taxonomic names?
Danaus plexippus Micropterus salmoides Bos taurus Marmota monax Notophthalmus viridescens Meleagris gallopavo Cyanocitta cristata Rana Catesbiana Odocoileus virginianus Groundhog White Tailed Deer Largemouth Bass Domestic cow Blue Jay Turkey Newt Bull Frog Monarch Butterfly ?

What animal is this?

Answer – Black bear (Ursus Americanus)

Answer – Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

Answer – I’m not quite sure but I would guess White Bear.
Aren’t we using colors to identify?

Having simple descriptive names for a species doesn’t work.

Having simple descriptive names for a species doesn’t work
Having simple descriptive names for a species doesn’t work. I see five black colored bears, and three brown colored bears.

Having simple descriptive names for a species doesn’t work. I see five black colored bears, and three brown colored bears. One white bear,

Having simple descriptive names for a species doesn’t work. I see five black colored bears, and three brown colored bears. One white bear, and one black and white bear,

Having simple descriptive names for a species doesn’t work. I see five black colored bears, and three brown colored bears. One white bear, and a few kinda of brown and black with some white. and one black and white bear,

Answer – Koala Marsupial (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Answer – Koala Marsupial (Phascolarctos cinereus) It’s not a bear.

What are the following animals?

American Black Bear, Brown Bear, Polar Bear, Giant Panda, Asiatic Black Bear, Sloth Bear, Spectacled Bear and the Sun Bear.

How can you use simple descriptive features to name single celled organisms like this ciliate?

How can you use simple descriptive features to name single celled organisms like this ciliate?
There are millions of different singled celled species.

Answer – Mountain Lion

Answer – Puma

Answer – Catamount.

Answer – Cougar

Answer – Panther

Answer – Silberlöwe (German)

Answer – пума (Russian)

What animal are all of these?

Are you ready for the very confusing science name?

Answer – Felis concolor

Science classification uses characteristics to name species.

Science classification uses characteristics to name species
Science classification uses characteristics to name species. All cats are Felis.

Science classification uses characteristics to name species. All cats are Felis. Felis concolor

Science classification uses characteristics to name species. All cats are Felis. Felis concolor Felis Catus domesticus

The science name becomes the universal name for the whole world to study and understand.

There are about two million known species of living organisms

Estimates range the number of species on this planet between 10-100 million.

Estimates range the number of species on this planet between 10-100 million.
Imagine 100 million common names based on…?

Which naming system makes more sense?
Should we use the science system or the common system? Common Names Science Names

A species…

Is a group of organisms with similar characteristics.

Produces fertile offspring.

A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse
A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. A mule is almost always sterile.

A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. A mule is almost always sterile. Donkey Equus assinus has 62 chromosomes.

A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. A mule is almost always sterile. Donkey Equus assinus has 62 chromosomes. Horse Equus caballus 64 chromosomes

A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. A mule is almost always sterile. Donkey Equus assinus has 62 chromosomes. Horse Equus caballus 64 chromosomes Doesn’t make an embryo well.

A mule is not a species but a hybrid between a horse and a donkey.
The correct scientific classification is hybrid (Equus caballus x Equus assinus).

“Pretend I’m a female lion.”
+

Tigon: Offspring of a male tiger Panthera tigris and a female lion Panthera leo.

What is a Liger? Liger

“Pretend I’m a female Tiger.”
+ “Pretend I’m a female Tiger.”

Liger: Offspring of a male lion Panthera leo and a female tiger Panthera tigris.

Has similar DNA.

It doesn’t work like this

It doesn’t work like this (Hippocrab)
Photoshop

Or this… (Crocodillafrog)
Photoshop

Or Crocafly Photoshop

Phylogeny -The history of a species as they change through time
Phylogeny -The history of a species as they change through time. Who came from whom?

Phylogenetic tree: A tree like chart showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species.

Dichotomous key: A tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world.

Please use the key to answer the questions below.
I have no feathers but legs?___________ I have feathers but don’t swim?________ I have no feathers or legs?______ I have feathers and swim?____________

I have no feathers but legs? Lizard I have feathers but don’t swim?________ I have no feathers or legs?______ I have feathers and swim?____________

I have no feathers but legs? Lizard I have feathers but don’t swim? Hen I have no feathers or legs?______ I have feathers and swim?____________

I have no feathers but legs? Lizard I have feathers but don’t swim? Hen I have no feathers or legs? Snake I have feathers and swim?____________

I have no feathers but legs? Lizard I have feathers but don’t swim? Hen I have no feathers or legs? Snake I have feathers and swim? Duck

A clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor.

Which colored clades are correct?
B A D C

Who is more closely related to the Coyote?
The Gray Wolf or the Red Fox?

Who is more closely related to the Crab Eating Fox?
The Gray Fox or the Maned Wolf ?

Based on characteristics and uses process of comparison and elimination.

Which shark fin fits the following description?
Tail not separated into a top and bottom fin. End of tail is blunt instead of pointy?

Answer! Which shark fin fits the following description?
Tail not separated into a top and bottom fin. End of tail is blunt instead of pointy?

Answer! Which two shark fins fit the following description?

Answer! Which two shark fins fit the following description?
Upper part of tail extends far beyond the bottom. Tip of top tail fin curved.

Which two shark fins fit the following description?
Trunk before tail fin has small fin.

Use constant characteristics rather than ones that disappear or vary with the season or other environmental factor.

Use characteristics which can be directly observed.

Black and White color with orange around neck…
Use characteristics which can be directly observed. Black and White color with orange around neck…

And they love each other…
Use characteristics which can be directly observed. And they love each other…

“They form mating pairs is a better desciption.”
Use characteristics which can be directly observed. “They form mating pairs is a better desciption.” And they love each other…

What is a big insect to you?

Use quantitative (numbered) measurements with an amount or dimension rather than vague terms like…big or small

Rules to Follow When Using a Dichotomous Key
Always read both choices, even if the first seems to be the logical. Understand the meaning of the terms involved in the key. When measurements are given, use a scale to measure the specimen. Do not guess at a measurement. Living things are always variable, so do not base your organism identification in the field on a single observation.

How are living things grouped?
By Taxons Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species This system goes from broad to narrow, so as you go down the list, organisms are narrowed into groups that are closely related. Once you reach the species level, you have identified the organism.

How are living things grouped?
By Taxons Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species This system goes from broad to narrow, so as you go down the list, organisms are narrowed into groups that are closely related. Once you reach the species level, you have identified the organism. Remember: King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti!

How are evolutionary relationships determined?
Structural similarities Breeding behavior Geographical distribution Chromosome comparisons biochemistry

Classification Models
Cladistics is a system of classification based on phylogeny (evolutionary history) scientists using this system assume that as groups of organisms became diferent and evolved from a common group, they retained some inherited traits- use a branching diagram called a cladogram

Review: Cells are classified as Prokaryote and Eukaryote Prokaryote is a more primitive cell with no membrane bound organelles Eukaryote is a more advanced with a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.

The six kingdoms 1. Prokaryotes-microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack distinct nuclei, 2 kingdoms: a. Archaebacteria- live in extreme environments b. Eubacteria species of bacteria 2. Protists-eukaryote that lacks complex organ system, some are single celled, some are multicellular, some are plantlike, some are animal like

3. Fungi- heterotrophs that do not move from place to place, unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials 4. Plants- mulitcellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, do not move from place to place 5. Animals- multicellular heterotrophs, most are able to move from place to place

The 3 Domains of Life. All life is either…
Archaea Domain: Archae Kingdom Bacteria Domain: Eubacteria Kingdom Eukarya Domain: Protist, Fungi, Plant, Animal Kingdom Learn more about the Domains of Life at…

Taxonomy changes all of the time
The Kingdoms of life. All life belongs to one of these. ea Taxonomy changes all of the time

Kingdom Card Sort!

First Name, Last Name Science, and Section

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "First Name, Last Name Science, and Section"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

First Name, Last Name Science, and Section

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "First Name, Last Name Science, and Section"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback