1. Rome’s Example Republic Dictatorship
Representative government
Type of self-government
Dictatorship
Romans lost interest in their government
Became comfortable with success, wealth, etc.
Caesar Augustus abused power
How may this have shaped the Anti-Federalists’ viewpoint?

2. Constitution Review 1787: Constitution was written 1789:
George Washington became 1st President
John Adams became 1st Vice President
NYC became 1st US capital
Congress made 10 amendments to the Constitution at the recommendation of many states
Known as US Bill of Rights
Lists natural rights

3. Preamble
Opening statement
Introduction to an official document

4. 1) To form a more perfect union
Delegates wanted to unite the states, because the states were acting like separate nations

5. 2) To establish justice
Delegates wanted to create a fair system to settle legal issues across the nation

6. 3) To insure domestic tranquility
Delegates wanted to insure peace across the nation

7. 4) To provide for the common defense
Delegates gave the national government the power to form a military

8. 5) To promote the general welfare
Delegates gave the national government the ability to promote the well-being of citizens

9. 6) To secure the blessings of liberty
Delegates wanted to protect the freedom of current and future Americans

10. Articles Main body of the Constitution
7 sections that create the framework of the US government

11. Articles I, II, and III
Describes the powers and limitations of the legislative branch (Congress)
Describes the powers and limitations of the executive branch (President)
Describes the powers and limitations of the judicial branch (Court system)

12. Article IV Article V Describes the relationship between the states
Explains how to add new states to our nation
Article V
Gives the process for amending the Constitution
Explains how to adapt laws as our society changes

13. Article VI
Declares that the Constitution is the “supreme law of the land”
This means that states cannot make laws that violate the Constitution
Article VII
Explains how the original 13 states ratified the Constitution

14. Legislative Officer(s)
House of Representatives: Speaker of the House
Paul Ryan, R
Senate: Former
President of Senate
Joe Biden, D

15. Legislative Officer(s)
House of Representatives: Speaker of the House
Paul Ryan, R
Senate:
President of Senate
Mike Pence, R

16. Legislative Duties Makes laws Collects taxes Borrows money
Declares war

17. Legislative Checks Can override President’s vetoes & treaties
Can impeach President

18. Former Executive Officer(s)
President (Barack Obama, D)
Vice President (Joe Biden, D)
Cabinet
Secretary of State – John Kerry
Secretary of Defense – Chuck Hagel
Etc.

19. Executive Officer(s) President (Donald Trump, R)
Vice President (Mike Pence, R)
Cabinet
Secretary of State – Rex W. Tillerson
Secretary of Defense – James Mattis
Etc.

20. Executive Duties Carries out nation’s laws Makes treaties
“Commander in Chief” of military

21. Executive Checks Can veto bills passed by Congress
Nominates Supreme Court Justices

22. Judicial Officer(s) Supreme Court: Other federal courts
9 justices including Chief Justice John Roberts
Other federal courts

23. Judicial Duties Ensures that laws are constitutional
Serves as final court of appeals

24. Judicial Checks
Can declare laws passed by Congress & President unconstitutional

25. Bill
Draft law
Can be created by Senate or House of Representatives
After both houses approve, it is sent to President for approval
Veto: President’s power to reject a bill that Congress has passed
Override: Congress’ power to overrule a President’s veto

26. Appeal: To ask that a court’s decision be reviewed by a higher court
Impeach: Bring charges of serious wrongdoing

27. Popular Sovereignty Popular = people Sovereignty = power
US government power belongs to US citizens
Citizens give power to leaders through voting

28. Limited Government
The US government only has the powers that are listed in the Constitution

29. Separation of Powers
The US government is divided into 3 branches, each with equal but different responsibilities
Invented by Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu

30. Checks and Balances
Each branch checks the other 2 branches to make sure they are not abusing power
Examples:
President can veto bills passed by Congress
Congress can override Presidential vetoes

31. Federalism
This is the separation of government into two “layers” – federal and state
All powers not given to the national government belong to the state governments

32. Republicanism
Citizens elect representatives to act on their behalf in government
Rome

33. Individual Rights Natural rights = unalienable rights
Invented by Enlightenment thinker John Locke