1. Psychological Disorders

2. Stress- the arousal of one’s mind and body in response to demands made upon them. So, in other words, your body is under constant stress. Gravity Barometric Pressure Emotions Frustrations Daily Hassles Life Changes Conflict

3. Stressor- the event or situation that causes stress.
Eustress- positive stress- stress that causes increased sharpness and motivation and can keep people alert and involved.
if you like riding roller coasters, it can be like the feeling you get while riding.
Distress- negative stress- intense pressure and anxiety that can cause severe psychological and physical effects.
Stressor- the event or situation that causes stress.
Dealing with stress- coping
Defensive Active
Substance abuse Changing stressful thoughts
Aggression Relaxation techniques
Withdrawal Exercise
Suicide
Defense Mechanisms

4. Freud’s Defense Mechanisms
Repression-push into unconscious (keep it inside)
Rationalization- the use of self-deception to justify unacceptable behaviors or ideas
Displacement- transferring to a less intimidating target
Regression- reverting back to behavior of a younger age
Projection- seeing your own faults in other people
Reaction Formation- acting in reverse to the way you are feeling
Denial- it never happened
Sublimation- channeling into socially acceptable behavior

5. Dealing with Conflict
approach-approach conflict
least stressful, all choices are positive
a choice between two equally attractive alternatives
avoidance-avoidance conflict
lesser of two evils
a choice between two equally unattractive alternatives
approach-avoidance conflict
good and bad at same time
a choice of whether or not to don something when part of the situation is attractive but the other is not (buy a new car/but it will cost a lot of money)
multiple approach-avoidance conflict
each has advantages and disadvantages
a choice between alternatives that have both good and bad aspects

6. Social Readjustment Rating Scale
100 to up is Distressful, 50 down is Eustressful
100 Death of a Spouse/Child
73 Divorce
63 Death of close family member
50 Marriage
26 Beginning or Ending Schooling
13 Vacation
12 Christmas

7. Identifying Disorders
normal v abnormal
what is average for the majority of people
deviation from the majority then becomes the primary criterion
Symptoms
Relative Stress
Typicality
Maladaptivity
Emotional Discomfort
Socially Unacceptable Behavior
culture-bound syndromes
Classifying Disorders
DSM- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

8. Psychological Disorders

9. Sleep Disorders
Insomnia-disruptive sleep
Regular
Interruptive
Waking
Nightmares-bad dreams
Night Terrors-we don’t know, but is characterized by stage two screaming with no memory
Sleepwalking
Sleeptalking
Sleep Apnea-stopping breathing during sleep, can be caused by natural aging (wrinkles in the throat) or by brain dysfunction.
Narcolepsy-extreme tiredness or sleeping at inappropriate times

10. Anxiety Disorders
Phobic
persistent excessive or irrational fear of a particular object or situation
Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Panic attacks-recurring unexpected/thus fear of other attacks
Agoraphobia fear of places in which escape may be difficult
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
excessive or unrealistic worry about life circumstances
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessions- can’t get rid of it in your mind
Compulsions- repetitive ritual behaviors
Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Acute Stress Disorder

11. Dissociative Disorders
separation of certain personality components or metal processes from
conscious thought
Amnesia-sudden loss of memory, ranging from recent memories to all prior memories.
Fugue- not only forgetting personal identity but by also suddenly relocating and taking a new identity
Dissociative Identity Disorder- multiple identities

12. Somatoform Disorders
expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms
Conversion
loss of physical functioning for which there in no known reason

13. Hypochondriasis
a person’s unrealistic preoccupation with thoughts that they have a serious disease

14. people who can’t deal with the normal ups and downs of daily life
Mood Disorders
people who can’t deal with the normal ups and downs of daily life
Depression- must have 5 of the 9 following and be present for two weeks
persistent depressed mood for most of the day
loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities
significant weight loss or gain due to changes in appetite
sleeping more than usual
speeding up or slowing down of physical or emotional reactions
fatigue or loss of energy
feelings of worthlessness or unfounded guilt
reduced ability to concentrate or make meaningful decisions
recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Bipolar-dramatic ups and downs at inappropriate times.
mania-high highs depressive-low lows
No rhyme or reason

15. Schizophrenia
loss of contact with reality
Hallucinations
Visual
auditory
Delusions
Grandeur
Persecution
Religious
Existential
Thought disorders
Organization or process of content thought
All or nothing now but use to have several categories

16. Some of the past categories
Latent- you have it but it really doesn’t affect you
Paranoid-being followed etc
Disorganized- the “crazy” ones
Catatonic- goes into a stupor
Grandeur- messianic complexes

17. Personality Disorders
patterns of inflexible traits that disrupt social/work life and distress the individual
Paranoid-suspiciousness and distrust about others motives
Schizoid-detachment from social relationships
Schizotypal-acute discomfort in close relationships, eccentric behavior
Antisocial-disregard of rights of others
Borderline-instability in interpersonal relationships and self-image
Histrionic-Excessive emotionality, need for attention
Narcissistic-Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy
Avoidant-social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy
Dependent-submissive, clingy
Obsessive-Compulsive-obsession with orderliness, perfectionism and control

18. Psychopath
a person suffering from chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent social behavior
Sociopath
a person with a personality disorder manifesting itself in extreme antisocial attitudes and behavior and a lack of conscience.