1. Why are latent viruses so dangerous?

2. Why are latent viruses so dangerous?
Latent viruses don’t cause symptoms immediately. They replicate without damaging the host cell. By the time the symptoms appear, the virus is has been replicating for a period of time.

3. What are the two ways that bacteria can cause harm to your body?

4. What are the two ways that bacteria can cause harm to your body?
Bacteria can make you sick by damaging tissue. Bacteria can make you sick by releasing toxins.

5. How does bacterial resistance happen?

6. How does bacterial resistance happen?
Bacteria that have mutated survive an antibiotic. The mutated bacteria reproduces and increases in number. When the antibiotic is added again, the mutated bacteria survives. The antibiotic no longer kills the bacteria because the mutated bacteria is resistant.

7. How are bacteria shaped?

8. How are bacteria shaped?
Bacteria can be round or sphere-shaped, rod-shaped, or spiral- shaped.

9. Explain the difference between active and latent viruses.

10. Explain the difference between active and latent viruses.
The active virus causes the cell to make new viruses and, in the process, destroys the cell. Latent viruses are in the cell but do not immediately destroy the cell or make new viruses.

11. Describe what happened in this figure.

12. Describe what happened in this figure.
Antibodies bound to the virus in order to prevent the virus from attaching to cells.

13. Virus D is commonly used to represent a virus
Virus D is commonly used to represent a virus. The name of the shape is _______________.
bacteriophage
crystal
sphere
cylinder

14. Virus D is commonly used to represent a virus
Virus D is commonly used to represent a virus. The name of the shape is bacteriophage.
bacteriophage
crystal
sphere
cylinder

15. The shape of Virus B would be classified as a(n) _______________.
bacteriophage
crystal
sphere
cylinder

16. The shape of Virus B would be classified as a(n) crystal.
bacteriophage
crystal
sphere
cylinder

17. Virus C would be classified as having the shape of a(n) _______________.
bacteriophage
crystal
sphere
cylinder

18. Virus C would be classified as having the shape of a(n) sphere.
bacteriophage
crystal
sphere
cylinder

19. Virus A would be classified as having the shape of a(n) _______________.
bacteriophage
crystal
sphere
cylinder

20. Virus A would be classified as having the shape of a(n) cylinder.
bacteriophage
crystal
sphere
cylinder

21. A natural immunity means that the person has __________ in his system.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

22. A natural immunity means that the person has antibodies in his system.
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

23. The rabies _____________ is commonly given to pets to protect them from the rabies virus.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

24. The rabies vaccine is commonly given to pets to protect them from the rabies virus.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

25. A bacterium can become dormant if conditions become unfavorable by use of a(n) _______________.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

26. A bacterium can become dormant if conditions become unfavorable by use of a(n) endospore.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

27. Most bacteria are __________.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

28. Most bacteria are beneficial.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

29. _________________can break down radioactive waste, such as uranium.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

30. Bacteria can break down radioactive waste, such as uranium.
antibodies
vaccine
endospore
beneficial
bacteria

31. There are approximately how many known species of bacteria?
d. 50

32. There are approximately how many known species of bacteria?
d. 50

33. Fungi are used to _____. a. substitute for meat b. flavor cheese
c. produce antibiotics
d. all of the above

34. Fungi are used to _____. a. substitute for meat b. flavor cheese
c. produce antibiotics
d. all of the above

35. Viruses can infect all of the following except _________.
a. animals
b. humans
c. water
d. plants

36. Viruses can infect all of the following except _________.
a. animals
b. humans
c. water
d. plants

37. Helpful bacteria can do all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. help clean up soils
b. preserve canned food
c. digest dead organisms
d. remove nitrogen from the atmosphere

38. Helpful bacteria can do all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. help clean up soils
b. preserve canned food
c. digest dead organisms
d. remove nitrogen from the atmosphere

39. Thick walls produced by some bacterial pathogens are called ____.
a. endospores
b. saprophytes
c. antibiotics
d. nitrogen-fixing

40. Thick walls produced by some bacterial pathogens are called ____.
a. endospores
b. saprophytes
c. antibiotics
d. nitrogen-fixing

41. Fungi may cause disease in humans through _____.
a. allergies only
b. infection and allergies
c. infection only
d. infection, poisoning, and allergies

42. Fungi may cause disease in humans through _____.
a. allergies only
b. infection and allergies
c. infection only
d. infection, poisoning, and allergies

43. Which of the following is a means for bacteria to enter your body?
a. through the food you eat
b. through a cut
c. in the air you breathe
d. all of the above

44. Which of the following is a means for bacteria to enter your body?
a. through the food you eat
b. through a cut
c. in the air you breathe
d. all of the above

45. Vaccines trigger the production of _____.
a. pathogens
b. immunity
c. proteins
d. antibodies

46. Vaccines trigger the production of _____.
a. pathogens
b. immunity
c. proteins
d. antibodies

47. Which of the following is an example of an infectious disease?
a. allergies
b. chicken pox
c. diabetes
d. heart disease

48. Which of the following is an example of an infectious disease?
a. allergies
b. chicken pox
c. diabetes
d. heart disease

49. Which of the following is NOT a method to prevent the spread of viral diseases?
a. limit contact with an infected human
b. cover your mouth when you sneeze
c. share cups
d. practice good hygiene

50. Which of the following is NOT a method to prevent the spread of viral diseases?
a. limit contact with an infected human
b. cover your mouth when you sneeze
c. share cups
d. practice good hygiene

51. Which of the following does NOT protect you from viruses?
a. antibiotics
b. acquired immunity
c. natural immunity
d. antibodies

52. Which of the following does NOT protect you from viruses?
a. antibiotics
b. acquired immunity
c. natural immunity
d. antibodies

53. Which of the following is a noninfectious disease?
a. AIDS
b. cancer
c. cold
d. strep throat

54. Which of the following is a noninfectious disease?
a. AIDS
b. cancer
c. cold
d. strep throat

55. An antibiotic is a drug used to kill ____.
a. bacteria
b. cyanobacteria
c. latent viruses
d. viruses

56. An antibiotic is a drug used to kill ____.
a. bacteria
b. cyanobacteria
c. latent viruses
d. viruses

57. Which of the following is a beneficial use of viruses?
a. gene transfer
b. rabies
c. immunity
d. pathogens

58. Which of the following is a beneficial use of viruses?
a. gene transfer
b. rabies
c. immunity
d. pathogens

59. Bacteria are unlike plant and animal cells because they ____.
a. are smaller
b. make their own food
c. have many organelles
d. have a nucleus

60. Bacteria are unlike plant and animal cells because they ____.
a. are smaller
b. make their own food
c. have many organelles
d. have a nucleus

61. Viruses attack and destroy which of the following?
a. cells
b. mutations
c. vaccines
d. pasteurization

62. Viruses attack and destroy which of the following?
a. cells
b. mutations
c. vaccines
d. pasteurization

63. Viral diseases are difficult to treat for which reason?
a. We do not have anything that will work against them.
b. We cannot see them.
c. Viruses are constantly changing.
d. They are so rare.

64. Viral diseases are difficult to treat for which reason?
a. We do not have anything that will work against them.
b. We cannot see them.
c. Viruses are constantly changing.
d. They are so rare.

65. Harmful bacteria in food can be killed by ____.
a. sunlight
b. cold
c. heat
d. all of the above

66. Harmful bacteria in food can be killed by ____.
a. sunlight
b. cold
c. heat
d. all of the above