1. Recap for ‘The Sandman’ Analysis
Film Terminology
Recap for ‘The Sandman’ Analysis

2. Basic Terms Shot: Scene: Sequence: Cut:
an uninterrupted piece of film, without cuts.
a number of shots that takes place in one location dealing with one action.
one or more scenes forming a coherent section of the film.
an immediate move from one shot to another or one scene to another.

3. Mise-en-Scene: literally means
“put on screen”.
This term refers to everything we see on screen including the costumes, lighting, make-up, props, etc.
Using these things a film-maker can create a believable world for the characters.

4. Camera Shots Extreme Close-up:
A magnified image usually focussing on one part- a hand, an eye etc.
Close Up:
A close up image normally showing the face and nothing else. Often this is to show emotion.

5. Medium Close-up:
Shows character from the chest up – viewer/character intimate
Medium:
Shows characters from the waist up. Shows some emotion.

6. Medium Long:
Shows characters from the thigh up. Establishes the characters and their roles without giving us their emotions.
Long:
Presents the setting of the action and the characters. Mood is often established in this way.

7. Extreme Long Shot:
Focus is on the setting, the character is small in comparison.
Establishing:
Shows the location, setting or landscape of a scene: an Extreme Long Shot.

8. Over-the-shoulder:
Often used when two characters are having a conversation. This is shot from behind one character, over the shoulder, looking at the other character.
Point of View: Camera sees what the character would see.

9. Camera Angles Straight on:
Straight horizon line – establishes normality .
Canted Angle:
Tilted horizon line – establishes sense of unease – Abnormality in setting (external) or mind (internal).

10. High Angle:. A shot taken above the location
High Angle: A shot taken above the location. Will make the characters look small and insignificant.
Low Angle: A shot taken from below an actor. Will make the characters look powerful.

11. Camera Shot: Angles
Eye-level/Straight on - This is the most common view, being the real-world angle that we are all used to. It shows subjects as we would expect to see them in real life. It is a fairly neutral shot.
Connotes equilibrium (normality) and makes spectator feel comfortable

12. Camera Shot: Angles
Canted Angle – The image seems to be tilted or squint
This connotes disequilibrium (physical or mental) and produces a sense of unease in the spectator – a sense that something is wrong

13. Camera Shot: Angles
High Angle - A high angle shows the subject from above, i.e. the camera is angled down towards the subject.
This has the effect of diminishing the subject, making them appear less powerful, less significant or even submissive.
Motivation can be to provide specific point of view

14. Camera Shot: Angles Low Angle - This shows the subject from below,
Gives impression of
subject being more
powerful or dominant.
Motivation can be specific
Point of View

15. Camera Movement Pan (panorama):
camera swivels left or right on axis. Used for:
Showing scene
Following movement
Show POV as head turns
Guiding attention

16. camera swivels up or down. Used for:
Tilt:
camera swivels up or down. Used for:
Showing scene on different levels
Following movement
Show POV as head moves up/down

17. camera on wheels. Can track in/out, left/right, slow/fast. Crane:
Track (dolly):
camera on wheels. Can track in/out, left/right, slow/fast.
Crane:
camera on crane so can move in/out, up/down space
Handheld:
portable camera so get jiggling image. Used for:
Realist documentary look
Convey dynamism of action
Steadicam:
portable camera with weights which is ‘worn’ by camera operator. Used to:
Steady image
Film scene without multiple takes

18. Zoom:
use of zoom lens to create illusion of camera moving in/out.
Can zoom in/out.
Rack focus:
change focus during shot to new point of interest.

19. Diegetic Sound
Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film: 
voices of characters 
sounds made by objects in the story 
music represented as coming from instruments in the story space ( = source music)
Another term for diegetic sound is actual sound  

20. Diegetic Sound
Internal Diegetic – What character ‘hears’ within their head
External Diegetic – Coming from the story space

21. Non-Diegetic Sound
Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action: 
narrator's commentary
sound effects which are added for the dramatic effect
mood music
Non-diegetic sound is represented as coming from the a source outside story space. 
Another term for non-diegetic sound is
commentary sound.