1. URINARY TRACT INFECTION
SYMPTOMS
@ Frequent dysuria
@ Slight haematuria
@ Suprapubic pain

2. Suprapubic pain

3. Pathogens Causing UTI E. coli > 50% Proteus 10-15% Klebsiella 10%
Enterococci %
S.saprophyticus (young women) 5-8%
S.aureus & epidermidis %
Ps.aeruginosa %

4. Staph. saprophyticus

5. @ S. saprophyticus is a coagulase-
negative Staphylococcus
@ It is second in importance to
Escherichia coli as a cause of cystitis
in young women.
@ It is distinguished in the laboratory by
its resistance to novobiocin.

6. Novobiocin Resistance

7. Urethral Syndrome
@ Symptoms: dysuria
frequency of micturition
without bacteriuria.
@ Low bacterial counts: as low as 102/ml.
Causes of urethral syndrome:
@ Trauma from intercourse
@ Organisms: Chlamydia, N. gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, herpes simplex.

8. Gardnerella vaginalis

9. Pyelonephritis Symptoms: @ Fever, nausea, weakness.
@ Rigors, loin pain
@ Protein and blood in urine
Lab. Diagnosis:
@ Microscopy of MSU for WBC and RBC
@ Blood for culture.
@ MSU culture

10. Acute pyelonephritis

11. Blood culture sets in pyelonephritis:
@ Two sets taken at different times.
@ Each set contains two bottles: aerobic
and anaerobic.
@ Drawbacks of taking one set:
* If negative, it may be false because
bacteraemia is intermittent
* Isolation of Staph. epidermidis (skin)
may be false positive in one set

12. Blood culture bottles

13. DIALYSIS PERITONITIS
@ Occurs a patient suffers from chronic
renal failure and he is on peritoneal
dialysis.
Lab. Diagnosis:
@ Microscopy of the dialysis fluid:
* Fluid is cloudy
* Contains > 100 pus cells / mm3.
@ Aerobic and anaerobic fluid culture
after centrifugation of the sample.

14. Peritoneal dialysis.

15. Organisms Causing Dialysis Peritonitis:
Staph. epidermidis %
Staph. aureus %
Streptococci and enterococci %
E. coli %
Other coliforms %
Ps. aeruginosa %
Diphtheroids %
Candida albicans %
Miscellaneous %

16. Staph. epidermidis