1. Unit III: Cells

2. Place the following organelles in their appropriate function category: nucleus, ribosome, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, Golgi Apparatus
Protein Production
Lipid Production/ Transporting Molecules
Energy Converters
Storage/ Structure/ Support
Garbage Disposal
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus ER
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cell membrane

3. Three organelles only plant cells have
Cell Wall, Vacuole, Chloroplasts

4. Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport- definition, molecules that use it, Protein channel, energy needed
Type
Molecule
Direction
Protein Channel
Extra Energy
Diffusion
Small particles
High to low No
Osmosis
Water
Facilitated
Large molecules
Yes
Active Transport
Large Molecules
Low to high

5. Hyper/Hypo/Isotonic solutions- which way does water go?

6. Advantage small cells have over big cells
Small cells can do diffusion more efficiently because of their large surface area to volume ratio. Therefore, important molecules like oxygen, sugars, and ions can reach organelles more quickly.

7. Why cell division occurs?
Growth, repair, reproduction (prokaryotes)

8. Events of Interphase (G1, S, G2), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis.
Interphase- Prep stage
G1, cell grows, makes extra organelles
S, chromosomes duplicate
G2, cell grows again
Prophase- Chromosomes appear, nucleus breaks apart
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up down the middle, spindle fibers attach, centrioles at either pole

9. Anaphase- chromosomes pulled apart by spindle fibers, make “A” shape, dragged through cytoplasm to either pole
Telophase- two nuclei form around chromosomes, spindle fibers disappear
Cytokinesis- cytoplasm divided

10. Final Product of cell division
Two genetically identical cells, each with 46 chromosomes

11. Name the external regulators for cell division
Growth Factor- protein that must be produced for a cell to grow
Attachment- cells must be attached to something to divide
Space/ Density- need space to grow into

12. Name the internal regulators
Stop and go signals at each step in the cell cycle
Triggered by proteins called cyclins

13. Define the difference between a benign and malignant tumor
Benign- stays at point of origin
Malignant- detaches and moves, “cancer”

14. Labs

15. How did the starch and iodine lab demonstrate the concept of diffusion of molecules based on size?
Iodine smaller of the two molecules, moved more easily across the membrane to induce the chemical reaction

16. Why did we use an egg to demonstrate osmosis
Why did we use an egg to demonstrate osmosis? What did you soak it in first?
Once shell is removed, egg has a semipermeable membrane
Soaked in vinegar first to remove outer shell

17. How did the direction of water effect the mass of the egg (cell)?
Type of Osmotic pressure
Water into egg
Increased
hypotonic
Water out of egg
Decreased
hypertonic
Water in and out equally
Stayed the same
isotonic

18. What determined which way the water moved?
Based on where there was a higher concentration of solutes, water went that direction

19. Micropippette rules Rule Reason Designated Range
So that you do not draw up to much liquid into the machine
Disposable Tip
No cross contamination
Vertical position
No liquids moving up into the machine
Plunger slowly
Gives control for more accurate/ precise measurements, no air bubbles

20. Micropippette volumes
Size
Total range
(µL)
Vertical showing
370 µL
P1000
See white board
14.2 µL
P20
2-20
54 µL
P200
20-200
1.3 µL
P10

21. Two rules behind balancing the microcentrifuge properly?
Equal number of tubes- one tube across from another
Equal volume in the tubes