1. myocardial infraction
M.I
QASSIM J. ODAA
MASTER IN ADULT NURSING

2. Definition
Myocardial infarction is death of the cells of an area of the heart muscle (( myocardium)) as result of oxygen deprivation , which in turn is caused by obstruction of the blood supply. Commonly referred to as (( heart attack)), the myocardium receives it is blood from the two large coronary arteries and their branches

3. Pathophysoilogy
Cholestrole deposition within the wall of the main artery
Atherosclerosis plaque
Narrowing in thecoranary aryery
Ruptureing the plaque with activation cloting mechism
Block coronary artery and interrupts blood supply to heart muscle (myocardium)
Ischemic the heart muscle and necrosis
Dead the part from myocardium

4. Pathophysoilogy
Cholestrole deposition within the wall of the main artery
Atherosclerosis plaque
Narrowing in thecoranary aryery
Ruptureing the plaque with activation cloting mechism
Block coronary artery and interrupts blood supply to heart muscle (myocardium)
Ischemic the heart muscle and necrosis
Dead the part from myocardium

5. Risk factors Non modifiable age male sex Family history
jnj
Non modifiable
modifiable
age
male sex
Family history
previous heart attack
genetic
congenital anomaly
actively smoking
High blood pressure
Diabetes mellitus
low levels of physical activity
alcoholic drink
obesity

6. Signs and symptoms
chest pain is the described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen
 sweating,
nausea or vomiting,
shortness of breath,
weakness, and fatigue.
palpitations,
peripheral edema
 Loss of consciousness 
 sudden death s

7. Diagnosis test Medical history Physical examination
Blood chmistary such as level of cholestrole
Cardiac enzyme and protein
Electrocardiography (E.C.G)
Chest X ray
Echocardiography
Doublers
CT – Scan C

8. Treatment
Diet:- low calorie, low sodium and low fate with increase dietary fiber
Oxygen therapy and monitoring vital signs with E.C.G.
anti-platelet agent such as aspirin and clopidogrile (plavix)
anti lipemic agent :- cholystramin (Questran) atrovastin (Lipitor)
analgesic such as morphin (I.V)
calcium channel blockers :- nifedipine (procardia) and verapamile
beta- adrenergic blockers :- propeanole, nadolol
antianxiety such as diazepam (valium)

9. complications
anginia
heart failure
arrythemias
pulmonary ede

10. Possible surgical intervention
coranory artery bypass graft (CAPG)
percatenous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)