1. Chapter 17 - Section 3 Luther Leads the Reformation
Martin Luther’s protest over abuses in the Catholic Church lead to the founding of Protestant churches.

2. Let’s remember…. What does reform mean?
To change something that is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory
Why were people losing faith in the church?
Black plague, suffering, etc
What was the attitude of people during the Renaissance period?
Enjoy life, nature, and realism

4. Causes of the Reformation
Church Authority Challenged
Secularism, individualism of Renaissance challenge catholic Church authority
Rulers challenge Church’s sole power over religion
Printing press spreads secular ideas

5. Criticisms of the Catholic Church
Corrupt leaders, extravagant (fancy) popes
Poorly educated priests

6. Luther Challenges the Church
The 95 Theses
Martin Luther protests Friar Johann Tetzel’s selling of indulgences
Indulgence – a pardon releasing a person from sin
Could buy your way to heaven if you had $$
In 1517 Luther posts his 95 Theses attacking “pardon-merchants”
Reformation rejects pope’s authority

7. 95 Theses

9. The Printing Press: Invented by Guttenberg
Luther’s ideas spread quickly with the help of the printing press. Helping increase literacy (ability to read/write)
Luther’s supporters distributed copies of his speeches and essays far and wide.
Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church.
Printing press; source:

10. Luther’s Teachings
People can win salvation by faith alone, not “good works”
Christian teachings must be based on the Bible, NOT the pope
ALL people with faith are equal, can interpret the Bible without priests

11. The Response to Luther The Pope’s Threat
Pope Leo X issues decree threatening to excommunicate Luther (1520) – kick out of church
Luther’s rights of Church membership are taken away
Luther refuses to take back his statements and is excommunicated

12. Luther Stands Trial

13. The Emperor’s Opposition
Charles V is Holy Roman Emperor
He issues Edict of Worms (1521), declaring Luther a heretic
Luther and followers begin a separate religious group-Lutherans

15. England Becomes Protestant
Henry VIII Wants a Son
Henry has only daughter, needs male heir to rule England after he dies
Henry wants a divorce
Pope refuses to annul – set aside – his first marriage to Catherine of Aragon

16. The Reformation Parliament
Parliament passes laws ending pope’s power in England
Henry remarries, becomes official head of England’s Church

17. Consequences of Henry’s Changes
Henry has six wives and three children
Religious turmoil follows Henry’s death (1547)
Protestantism under King Edward, then Catholicism under Queen Mary

18. Catherine of Aragon
Left by Henry when no male heir.

19. Anne Boleyn Married 1533 One of Catherine’s servants.
In 1536, she’s accused of adultery and treason. Henry locks her up and has her executed.
Her sister was a mistress of Henry’s.
Henry was nice and got a skilled swordsman to behead her.

20. Jane Seymour Henry married her 11 days after Anne’s execution.
She was one of Anne’s servants.
Finally bears a male heir.
Dies almost two weeks after the birth.

21. Anne of Cleaves Married in 1540 Was a political marriage for Henry.
Once the political advantage was gone, Henry has the marriage annulled.
She fares pretty well.

22. Catherine Howard 16 days later, he married Anne Boleyn’s cousin
Henry was 49, and she was 19
Henry had gained a lot of weight and was in a lot of pain, while she was a free spirit
Less than a year into the marriage, rumors of her infidelity began
She was beheaded and laid to rest near her cousin, Anne Boleyn

23. Catherine Parr
Married 1543
She survives Henry who dies in 1547.

24. Daughter will be “Bloody” Mary I 1553-1558 (Catholic).
Henry’s Six Wives :
Daughter will be “Bloody” Mary I
(Catholic).
Catherine of Aragon
(divorced)
Daughter Elizabeth I
(Protestant).
Anne Boleyn
(beheaded)
Son Edward VI
(sickly)
King Henry VIII of England
[ ]
He broke England’s ties to the Roman Catholic Church for political and personal reasons, not religious ones like Luther.
Henry needed a male heir and his Catholic Spanish Queen
Catherine of Aragon
was not able to produce one.
Jane Seymour
(died)
Anne of Cleves
1540
(divorced)
Kathryn Howard
(beheaded)
Kathrine Parr
(survived) 24