1. Unit 1.8 Ethical, legal, cultural and environmental concerns

2. Thought for the day …Bill Gates ….
Started hacking at 13
Asked by his school to write a program scheduling students into classes and scheduled himself into classes with more girls!
Personally checked ever line of code for 5 years at Microsoft working 16 hours days
Became the youngest billionaire at 31
By 39, becomes the richest man on earth
Is committed to donating half of his wealth over his lifetime

3. The Big Picture: Computer Science and Technology Issues
legislation relevant to Computer Science:
o The Data Protection Act 1998
o Computer Misuse Act 1990
o Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988
o Creative Commons Licensing
o Freedom of Information Act 2000.
open source vs proprietary software
investigate and discuss Computer Science technologies and the impact and implications of technology, while considering:
o ethical issues
o cultural issues
o environmental issues
o privacy issues.
how key stakeholders are affected by technologies

4. Learning Objectives By the end of todays lesson you will:
Understand what is meant by open source software.
Understand what is meant by proprietary software.
Be able to describe the advantages and disadvantages of each, and the differences between them including legal differences.

5. In today's lesson: What are we learning today? Why are we learning it?
Understand what is meant by open source software & proprietary software.
Why are we learning it?
To understand and be able to describe open source and proprietary software
How will it help reach your OPT?
You need to know the key features of the types of software
You need to know the advantages & disadvantages of each
You need to know the legal differences between them
How long?
1 lesson

6. Starter
We covered the software topic in Y10, can you remember anything about it?! We covered: Operating systems: manages the hardware and software. Can you name 4 functions of the OS? What’s the difference between a GUI and command line interface? Utility software: helps to maintain or configure a computer, could be part of the operating system or installed as an extra. Can you name 4 types of utility software?

7. Starter
Operating systems: Can you name 4 functions of the OS? Provides user interface, platform for applications to run, allows computer to multitask by controlling memory resources, deals with file and disk management, allows for user accounts What’s the difference between a GUI and command line interface? Command line is text based, need to be skilled to use it so not for every day users. GUI uses windows, icons, menus, pointers Utility software: Can you name 4 types of utility software? Defragmentation, backups, compression, encryption

8. Locally Installed Software
Types of software
Locally Installed Software
Install software on your computer
You hold the licence
Works without being online
Takes up file space
Need to download upgrades & patches
Security is good, if security on/to the computer is
Software as a service
Also known as hosted software
Log in through internet and access as needed
Runs on a web server
Doesn’t take up any file space
Can collaborate and work together on same document
Needs the internet
Speed depends on internet connection
Not as secure

9. How do big companies compete?
Commercial producers such as Microsoft make money by selling software
Some SaaS are free eg GoogleDocs so commercial providers could be threatened by free online applications
To respond to this challenge, commercial software producers have:
Made their product more appealing and of better quality by including more facilities and functions
Provided software which is “bundled” with a computer when bought
Provided technical support, help services, and manuals
Used copyright to protect their products to stop similar free products being offered
Offered their own versions of SaaS
SaaS has environmental benefits – no packaging, installation CDs etc

10. 2 more types of software
Open Source Software
Proprietary Software

11. Software with different legal considerations
Proprietary Software
Open Source Software
Commercially produced for a profit
Source code is available for modification by anyone

12. Software with different legal considerations
Open Source Software
Proprietary Software
Open Office iOS Linux
Android Microsoft Office Windows
Ubuntu Photoshop Outlook
Mozilla Firefox VLC media player

13. Open Source
Open Source generally allows users access to the code to edit/change themselves.
It is usually free to download Open Source software.
You may be able to edit and distribute the updated changes you make to Open Source Software.
Under the licence, you are obliged to charge no fee if you pass it on.

14. Open Source - Benefits Users can edit and update software freely.
Can change the source code to customise it to your needs
There is generally a very strong social support forum if you need help.
Usually free and good for companies with limited budgets.
Allows collaboration with other people who may want the same modifications.
Better versions of the software (i.e. less buggy) may appear faster than proprietary software.

15. Open Source - Drawbacks
Relies on support networks of other users.
To edit the code, you need expert knowledge.
De-bugging can be hard as no one person is necessarily responsible for the software.
May not evolve in a strict timeframe and may not have regular updates but could have regular updates done by other people.
May need to buy in external support.
Could be more open to exploitation through users adding in malicious code.

16. Proprietary Software
Proprietary Software is licenced software, you cannot copy and distribute it (legally).
It generally costs money to buy and the company intends to make a profit from selling it!
You have the confidence of the program being produced by a ‘professional’ company.
Proprietary software generally has many features built into one program.
Proprietary Software will have official updates, support, upgrades and fixes released.

17. Proprietary Software - Benefits
Meet professional standards.
Is carefully tested before launch
Always someone to go back to if you have problems.
Lots of support provided by the company as well a online support and tutorials/magazines
Generally likely to be more tailored to market needs
Bugs, Security fixes etc., are more likely to be fixed faster.
May contain more features.

18. Proprietary Software - Drawbacks
Cost may be significant.
Source code cannot be modified
Company/person who created it retains exclusive control over it.
Reliant on one company – what if it goes bust?
May not fully meet the needs of the customer as it is for the general market not specific needs

19. In summary
Open Source has 4 key ‘freedoms’ which make it different legally from proprietary software:
Freedom to run the programs for any purpose
Freedom to study how the program works and change it
Freedom to redistribute copies
Freedom to distribute copies of your modified version to others for free

20. Show your understanding
Log into Moodle
ICT & Computing > GCSE Computer Science > Computer Systems
Scroll down to 1.8
Open Source and Proprietary Software Folder
Download, save and complete 1.8 Open Source and Proprietary Software.docx

21. In today's lesson: What are we learning today? Why are we learning it?
Understand what is meant by open source software & proprietary software.
Why are we learning it?
To understand and be able to describe open source and proprietary software
How will it help reach your OPT?
You need to know the key features of the types of software
You need to know the advantages & disadvantages of each
You need to know the legal differences between them
How long?
1 lesson

22. Plenary – Define Key Words
Open source
Proprietary
Hosted Software
Software as a service
Locally-installed

23. Plenary/Starter next lesson