1. “Redox,” Enzymes, and pH REVIEW GAME

2. Oxidation typically involves:
A) the loss of electrons.
B) the loss of oxygen.
C) the gain of electrons.
D) the gain of water.
E) none of the above

3. Oxidation typically involves:
A) the loss of electrons.
B) the loss of oxygen.
C) the gain of electrons.
D) the gain of water.
E) none of the above

4. Reduction typically involves:
A) the loss of electrons.
B) the gain of oxygen.
C) the gain of electrons.
D) the gain of water.
E) none of the above

5. Reduction typically involves:
A) the loss of electrons.
B) the gain of oxygen.
C) the gain of electrons.
D) the gain of water.
E) none of the above

6. The reducing agent typically:
A) gains electrons.
B) always remains unchanged during a reaction.
C) is the oxidized substance.
D) is itself reduced.
E) none of the above

7. The reducing agent typically:
A) gains electrons.
B) always remains unchanged during a reaction.
C) is the oxidized substance.
D) is itself reduced.
E) none of the above

8. The oxidizing agent typically:
A) loses electrons.
B) gains oxygen.
C) is the reactant that is reduced.
D) is oxidized.
E) none of the above

9. The oxidizing agent typically:
A) loses electrons.
B) gains oxygen.
C) is the reactant that is reduced.
D) is oxidized.
E) none of the above

10. Oxidation involves which of the following?
1. Loss of electron(s).
2. Gain of electron(s).
3. Increase in oxidation state.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3 only
E) 2 and 3 only

11. Oxidation involves which of the following?
1. Loss of electron(s).
2. Gain of electron(s).
3. Increase in oxidation state.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3 only
E) 2 and 3 only

12. Reduction involves which of the following?
1. Loss of electron(s).
2. Gain of electron(s).
3. Decrease in oxidation state.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2 only
E) 2 and 3 only

13. Reduction involves which of the following?
1. Loss of electron(s).
2. Gain of electron(s).
3. Decrease in oxidation state.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2 only
E) 2 and 3 only

14. In the reaction Zn(s) + Fe2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Fe(s)
Electrons are transferred from Zn to Zn2+
Electrons are transferred from Fe2+ to Fe.
Electrons are transferred from Fe to Zn2+
Electrons are transferred from Zn to Fe2+

15. In the reaction Zn(s) + Fe2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Fe(s)
Electrons are transferred from Zn to Zn2+
Electrons are transferred from Fe2+ to Fe.
Electrons are transferred from Fe to Zn2+
Electrons are transferred from Zn to Fe2+

16. Identify the substance being oxidized in the following reaction:
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O.
A) CH4
B) O2
C) CO2
D) H2O
E) none of the above

17. Identify the substance being oxidized in the following reaction:
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O.
A) CH4
B) O2
C) CO2
D) H2O
E) none of the above

18. Identify the substance being reduced in the following reaction:
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O.
A) CH4
B) O2
C) CO2
D) H2O
E) none of the above

19. Identify the substance being reduced in the following reaction:
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O.
A) CH4
B) O2
C) CO2
D) H2O
E) none of the above

20. Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction:
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O.
A) CH4
B) O2
C) CO2
D) H2O
E) none of the above

21. Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction:
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O.
A) CH4
B) O2
C) CO2
D) H2O
E) none of the above

22. Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction:
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O.
A) CH4
B) O2
C) CO2
D) H2O
E) none of the above

23. Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction:
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O.
A) CH4
B) O2
C) CO2
D) H2O
E) none of the above

24. In the following “redox” reaction,
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A) Zn is the reducing agent and CuSO4 is the oxidizing agent.
B) CuSO4 is the reducing agent and Zn is the oxidizing agent.
C) ZnSO4 is the reducing agent and Cu is the oxidizing agent.
D) Cu2+ is the reducing agent and Zn2+ is the oxidizing agent.
E) none of the above

25. In the following “redox” reaction,
Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A) Zn is the reducing agent and CuSO4 is the oxidizing agent.
B) CuSO4 is the reducing agent and Zn is the oxidizing agent.
C) ZnSO4 is the reducing agent and Cu is the oxidizing agent.
D) Cu2+ is the reducing agent and Zn2+ is the oxidizing agent.
E) none of the above

26. Many names for enzymes end in the suffix A. acid B. ose C. ase D. hyde

27. Many names for enzymes end in the suffix A. acid B. ose C. ase D. hyde

28. What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?
A) to promote the synthesis of monomers
B) to induce chemical reactions
C) to stop chemical reactions
D) to speed up chemical reactions

29. What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?
A) to promote the synthesis of monomers
B) to induce chemical reactions
C) to stop chemical reactions
D) to speed up chemical reactions

30. A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F
A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F. Doctors immediately order an ice bath to lower the child's temperature. Which of the following statements offers the most logical explanation for this action?
Elevated body temperature will increase reaction rates in the child's cells and overload the limited number of enzymes found in the cell.
B) Elevated body temperatures may denature enzymes. This would interfere with the cell's abilities to catalyze various reactions.
C) Elevated body temperatures will increase the energy of activation needed to start various chemical reactions in the body. This will interfere with the ability of enzymes to catalyze vital chemical reactions.
D) Elevated body temperatures cause molecules to vibrate more quickly and prevent enzymes from easily attaching to reactants. This would slow vital body reactions.

31. A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F
A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F. Doctors immediately order an ice bath to lower the child's temperature. Which of the following statements offers the most logical explanation for this action?
Elevated body temperature will increase reaction rates in the child's cells and overload the limited number of enzymes found in the cell.
B) Elevated body temperatures may denature enzymes. This would interfere with the cell's abilities to catalyze various reactions.
C) Elevated body temperatures will increase the energy of activation needed to start various chemical reactions in the body. This will interfere with the ability of enzymes to catalyze vital chemical reactions.
D) Elevated body temperatures cause molecules to vibrate more quickly and prevent enzymes from easily attaching to reactants. This would slow vital body reactions.

32. Sucrose --> Fructose + Glucose.
The chemical reaction below depicts the hydrolysis of the disaccharide sucrose into two monosaccharides as catalyzed by the enzyme sucrase.
Sucrose --> Fructose + Glucose.
What is/are the “substrate” for this reaction
A) Sucrose
B) Sucrase
C) Fructose
D) Glucose
E) C and D

33. Sucrose --> Fructose + Glucose.
The chemical reaction below depicts the hydrolysis of the disaccharide sucrose into two monosaccharides as catalyzed by the enzyme sucrase.
Sucrose --> Fructose + Glucose.
What is/are the “substrate” for this reaction
A) Sucrose
B) Sucrase
C) Fructose
D) Glucose
E) C and D

34. Sucrose --> Fructose + Glucose.
The chemical reaction below depicts the hydrolysis of the disaccharide sucrose into two monosaccharides as catalyzed by the enzyme sucrase.
Sucrose --> Fructose + Glucose.
What is/are the “product” for this reaction
A) Sucrose
B) Sucrase
C) Fructose
D) Glucose
E) C and D

35. Sucrose --> Fructose + Glucose.
The chemical reaction below depicts the hydrolysis of the disaccharide sucrose into two monosaccharides as catalyzed by the enzyme sucrase.
Sucrose --> Fructose + Glucose.
What is/are the “product” for this reaction
A) Sucrose
B) Sucrase
C) Fructose
D) Glucose
E) C and D

36. Substrates bind to an enzyme's ________ site.
A) allosteric
B) inhibitory
C) phosphate
D) active

37. Substrates bind to an enzyme's ________ site.
A) allosteric
B) inhibitory
C) phosphate
D) active

38. The effect of temperature on the relative rate of action of an enzyme is represented in the graph below. The optimum temperature for the action of this enzyme is approximately
a. 15◦C
b. 22◦C
c. 37◦C
d. 50◦C

39. The effect of temperature on the relative rate of action of an enzyme is represented in the graph below. The optimum temperature for the action of this enzyme is approximately
a. 15◦C
b. 22◦C
c. 37◦C
d. 50◦C

40.  Use the diagram below to answer the question.
Identify the parts involved.
A and B are enzymes and C is the substrate
C is the enzyme and A and B are the substrates.
A is the enzyme, B is the monomer and C is the polymer
A and B are the substrates and C is the polymer

41.  Use the diagram below to answer the question.
Identify the parts involved.
A and B are enzymes and C is the substrate
C is the enzyme and A and B are the substrates.
A is the enzyme, B is the monomer and C is the polymer
A and B are the substrates and C is the polymer

42. The enzyme salivary amylase will act on starch but not on protein
The enzyme salivary amylase will act on starch but not on protein. This action illustrates that salivary amylase
A. contains starch
B. is not reusable
C. is substrate specific
D. lacks protein

43. The enzyme salivary amylase will act on starch but not on protein
The enzyme salivary amylase will act on starch but not on protein. This action illustrates that salivary amylase
A. contains starch
B. is not reusable
C. is substrate specific
D. lacks protein

44. A person may become lactose intolerant if their intestinal glands do not produce enough
A. maltase enzyme
B. lactase enzyme
C. lactose enzyme
D. maltose enzyme

45. A person may become lactose intolerant if their intestinal glands do not produce enough
A. maltase enzyme
B. lactase enzyme
C. lactose enzyme
D. maltose enzyme

46. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,
A) it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
B) it raises the activation energy of the reaction.
C) it acts as a reactant.
D) it is used once and discarded.

47. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,
A) it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
B) it raises the activation energy of the reaction.
C) it acts as a reactant.
D) it is used once and discarded.

48. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
A) Enzymes are inorganic.
B) An enzyme's function is unaffected by changes in pH.
C) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.
D) Enzymes slow down the rate of a chemical reaction.

49. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
A) Enzymes are inorganic.
B) An enzyme's function is unaffected by changes in pH.
C) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.
D) Enzymes slow down the rate of a chemical reaction.

50. Heating inactivates enzymes by
A) breaking the covalent bonds that hold the molecule together.
B) removing phosphate groups from the enzyme.
C) causing enzyme molecules to stick together.
D) changing the enzyme's three-dimensional shape.

51. Heating inactivates enzymes by
A) breaking the covalent bonds that hold the molecule together.
B) removing phosphate groups from the enzyme.
C) causing enzyme molecules to stick together.
D) changing the enzyme's three-dimensional shape.

52. The active site of an enzyme is
A) the region of a substrate that is changed by an enzyme.
B) the highly changeable portion of an enzyme that adapts to fit the substrates of various reactions.
C) the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
D) the region of a product that detaches from the enzyme.

53. The active site of an enzyme is
A) the region of a substrate that is changed by an enzyme.
B) the highly changeable portion of an enzyme that adapts to fit the substrates of various reactions.
C) the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
D) the region of a product that detaches from the enzyme.

54. Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?
A) the shape of the protein
B) the function of the protein
C) the number of amino acids in the protein
D) the binding properties of the protein

55. Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?
A) the shape of the protein
B) the function of the protein
C) the number of amino acids in the protein
D) the binding properties of the protein

56. The shape of the _______________ on the enzyme determines to which ___________________ the enzyme can bind.
active area; substrate
active site; product
loading dock; organelle
active site; substrate

57. The shape of the _______________ on the enzyme determines to which ___________________ the enzyme can bind.
active area; substrate
active site; product
loading dock; organelle
active site; substrate

58. There are many different enzymes located in a single cell
There are many different enzymes located in a single cell. Why do enzymes catalyze a specific reaction?
Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions.
The shape of the enzyme’s active site determines to which substrate the particular enzyme can bind.
Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes.

59. There are many different enzymes located in a single cell
There are many different enzymes located in a single cell. Why do enzymes catalyze a specific reaction?
Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions.
The shape of the enzyme’s active site determines to which substrate the particular enzyme can bind.
Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes.

60. List at LEAST THREE environmental factors that affect the reaction rate of an enzyme:
_____________________

61. List at LEAST THREE environmental factors that affect the reaction rate of an enzyme:pH
TEMPERATURE
CONCENTRATION OF SUBSTRATE
CONCENTRATION OF ENZYME
SALT CONCENTRATION

62. When an enzyme has become misfolded or unfolded and can no longer perform it’s function, we say that the enzyme is
“_____________________.”  

63. When an enzyme has become misfolded or unfolded and can no longer perform it’s function, we say that the enzyme is
“DENATURED.”  

64. List TWO environmental factors that tend to denature enzymes:
_____________________

65. List TWO environmental factors that tend to denature enzymes:
Changes in pH
INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE
Changes in SALT CONCENTRATION

66. Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?
A) They increase the rate of chemical reactions.
B) They function as chemical catalysts.
C) They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell.
D) They are monomers used to build proteins.

67. Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?
A) They increase the rate of chemical reactions.
B) They function as chemical catalysts.
C) They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell.
D) They are monomers used to build proteins.

68. When you add acid to a solution, _____.
the hydrogen ion concentration increases and lowers the pH  
the hydrogen ion concentration decreases and raises the pH  
the hydrogen ion concentration increases and raises the pH  
the hydrogen ion concentration decreases and lowers the pH

69. When you add acid to a solution, _____.
the hydrogen ion concentration increases and lowers the pH  
the hydrogen ion concentration decreases and raises the pH  
the hydrogen ion concentration increases and raises the pH  
the hydrogen ion concentration decreases and lowers the pH

70. Grapefruit juice is approximately pH 3, and tomato juice is approximately pH 4. A glass of grapefruit juice contains _____ H+ as a glass of tomato juice.
half as much  
ten times as much  
one-tenth as much  
twice as much

71. Grapefruit juice is approximately pH 3, and tomato juice is approximately pH 4. A glass of grapefruit juice contains _____ H+ as a glass of tomato juice.
half as much  
ten times as much  
one-tenth as much  
twice as much

72. A pH of 6 is how many times more acidic than a pH of 9?
3  
100  
300
1,000

73. A pH of 6 is how many times more acidic than a pH of 9?
3  
100  
300
1,000

74. An acid is _____.
a solution with a pH between 7 and 14  
a material that resists pH changes  
any compound that accepts hydrogen ions  
a compound that donates hydrogen ions to a solution

75. An acid is _____.
a solution with a pH between 7 and 14  
a material that resists pH changes  
any compound that accepts hydrogen ions  
a compound that donates hydrogen ions to a solution

76. Adding a base tends to _____ of a solution.
increase the hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH  
lower hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH  
lower hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH  
increase hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH

77. Adding a base tends to _____ of a solution.
increase the hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH  
lower hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH  
lower hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH  
increase hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH

78. Which of the following statements about pH is true?
A) The pH scale is a measure of oxygen ion concentration.
B) A single unit change on the pH scale is equivalent to a 1% change in hydrogen ion concentration.
C) An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units.
D) Basic pH levels are less than 7.

79. Which of the following statements about pH is true?
A) The pH scale is a measure of oxygen ion concentration.
B) A single unit change on the pH scale is equivalent to a 1% change in hydrogen ion concentration.
C) An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units.
D) Basic pH levels are less than 7.