1. Chapter 6 The United States Breaks Away
The Loyalists

2. The Beginning 1763, Britain is in debt because of the Seven Years’ War
Wanted troops in the Colonies to ensure security
Did not want to pay for them
Raised taxes in the colonies to pay for the troops

3. “Taxation Without Representation”
The colonists were not allowed to elect representatives to the British Parliament
They felt that a government they had no choice in had no right to tax them
They refused to pay these taxes
Boston Tea Party

4. Rebellion
George Washington took control of an army to fight British rule and the United States declared its independence in 1776
The war has started and lasts until 1783

5. War Divides the People Two groups in the colonies:
Patriots, supported the rebellion
United Empire Loyalists, were loyal to the British Empire
The Patriots harass the Loyalists with a variety of techniques
Loyalist abuse
Tarred Feathered and Ridden out on a Rail
Read History Happens page 173

6. Loyalist Migration
Loyalists from the United States fled to Canada as refugees from the persecution that was taking place there
Besides British subjects there were also Black and Mennonite refugees
Racism and religious tolerance

7. Challenges of Loyalist Migration
Increased the British population in Quebec to about 10%
The British wanted to live under British laws and customs
Is this their right at 10% of the population?
The French still had the grantee of their rights to French law and customs under the Quebec Act

8. Impacts on the First Nations
The loyalists were mostly farmers and this caused a shift in the reason for negotiating treaties.
At first treaties were about “peace and friendship”; treaties of relationship
Now they were for land
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 said the Aboriginals had rights to the land in the Indian Territories so agreements had to be made to take this territory

9. The Treaties
The Aboriginals were supposed to agree to give up their land before settlers moved on to it
There were problems of language and the treaties were not always fair or just

10. Nova Scotia Most Loyalists went to Nova Scotia
From the map can you tell why the Loyalists would
have gone to
Nova Scotia?
These Loyalists
are encroaching
on Mi’kmaq
territory the
government said
the Mi’kmaq were not in Indian territory and so did not have the right to a treaty.

11. Loyalists Want Change
Many of the Loyalists took over land the Acadians had farmed before their deportation
Another group settled along the St. John river, they felt separate from the other colonists
They felt they had their own needs and petitioned for a colony separate from Nova Scotia

12. Change in Quebec
Loyalists are petitioning the British government to allow them to have British laws and customs
Britain has to make a decision:
It owes the loyalists for supporting them in the American revolution
It also has to follow the Quebec Act it passed

13. Britain's Response
Britain decided to separate Nova Scotia and created New Brunswick as well as colonies on Cape Breton Island and St. John island
They also created the Constitutional Act in 1791 which allowed British laws and customs for those Loyalists who were west of Montreal

14. The Constitution Act 1774 Divided Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada
Established British civil and criminal law in Upper Canada and kept the French laws in Lower Canada from the Quebec Act
Set aside land for the Protestant Church and guaranteed the right of the French to be Catholic
Established a legislative council appointed by Britain in each colony, now they both had representative governments

15. Representative Government
Representative government was important because the loyalists were used to it from being in the United States also the French had been promised it in the Quebec act
How representative is this?
The council is appointed and the elected officials can only advise it.