1. Unit IV Common Assessment Review
From Isolation to WWII
Unit IV Common Assessment Review

2. Chapter 15
1. Why were American’s concerned about the Japanese invasion of Manchuria?
- Believed that if the Japanese continued their aggression in China that it would close the Open Door trading that the US had established, resulting in an economic loss for the US.
2. Explain America’s “island hopping” strategy used in the Pacific. Why did Americans abandon this strategy?
- the US would conquer an island, skip to the next, conquer. Goal was to gain land closer to Japan one step at a time. Abandoned plan because of time, cost, and casualties lost

3. Chapter 15 3. Why did Truman bomb Hiroshima?
- To bring an end to WWII by having Japan agree to an unconditional surrender.
4. Why did American’s gradually move away from isolationism to interventionism?
- After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Americans no longer wanted to remain isolationist. They wanted revenge for the surprise attack by the Japanese. US declared war on Japan

4. Chapter 15
5. What was Japan’s reaction to the economic embargo placed on it by the United States?
- Determination to continue their conquests throughout Asia. Boycott the purchasing of US goods.
6. What was the Selective Service Act of 1941? Because of this act; what will America have at the end of 1941?
- A voluntary draft to enlist men into the armed forces. At the end of 1941, America will have a military draft that required men between the ages of to enlist

5. Chapter 15 7. Define isolationism. Define interventionism.
- Isolationism = Americans that were against the war, wanted to remain out of the European war.
- Interventionism = Americans that wanted to join the war – wanted to help the British defeat the Nazis
8. Give 3 specific examples of German and Japanese aggression. Explain the corresponding U.S. isolationist reaction to that policy.
a. Japanese – expansion into Manchuria – why? For economic and military reasons b. Germans – invasion of the Rhineland, violation of the treaty of Versailles c.Germans – build their army, violation of the treaty of the Versailles

6. Chapter 15 9. What was the Munich Conference/Agreement?
- Signed by Germany with France/Great Britain in which Hitler agreed not to invade any other countries. Britain/France – known as appeasement.
10. What was the biggest challenge the U.S. military faced during WWII?
- Building an army, developing military supplies – converting from consumer production to military production to create enough weapons

7. Chapter 15
11. Explain the Neutrality Acts. How did they demonstrate U.S. isolationism?
- US could not sell weapons to any country at war. This shows isolationism in the aspect that the US does not want to “take sides” in the war.
12. Explain the Lend-Lease Act. Why did the U.S. pass this act?
- The US could “lend” armaments to a country. US passed to justify that they could give weapons to any country that would protect America if they were in danger.
13. How did isolationism in the U.S. feel after the attack on Pearl Harbor?
- The isolationist no longer wanted to remain neutral – wanted to join the war to seek retaliation against the Japanese.

8. Chapter 16 14. Define Gross Domestic Product.
- GDP is the amount of goods and services produced in a country in a given year. High GDP, economy is good, low GDP, economy is in a recession
15. Define Federal Deficit.
- When the federal government spends more money than it has
- US gets money through Government Bonds and taxes

9. Chapter 16
16. Explain why the Federal Deficit and the Gross Domestic Product changed during the war years.
- The Federal Deficit increased – US spending more money on producing for the war
-GDP – increased as a result of mass production for war.
17. What was the Double V Campaign?
- Victory at home and victory abroad – victory at home = African Americans gain equality, fight for civil rights. Victory Abroad = defeat the Nazis and Allies victorious in WWII.

10. Chapter 16
18. How were African Americans discriminated against during WWII?
- At home – lower wages, faced discrimination in the workplace, faced segregation in the armed forces. In the war, most African Americans were cooks. Troops segregated, until some integration at the end of the war.
19. Name 2 groups that tried to challenge the unfair discrimination of African Americans, and explain the tactics (how) each group attempted to get change.
- NAACP – non-violent, persuade the government through political protests.
- CORE – non-violent, civil disobedience – boycotts, sit-ins
- MOWM – non-violent, organize march on Washington to demand equality

11. Chapter 16
20. Name the 4 War offices established to control and manage the war effort. List a responsibility of each board.
- WPB – War Production Board = convert industries from civilian to military production – switch from making clothes, cars, toys, to making uniforms, bombs, tanks, aircraft. - OCD – Office of Civilian Defense – created to raise the country’s morale.- National War Labor Board (NWLB) – job was to control wages and monitor inflation - OPA used rationing to keep prices down – distribute limited goods fairly
21. What is rationing? Name 3 reasons why the U.S. government rationed goods.
- Limiting consumerism during the war, why?1. Need resources for war 2. Control Inflation 3. Keep prices down

12. Chapter 16
22. Explain why Korematsu, a Japanese-American, lost his case against the Supreme Court.
- Supreme Court ruled with military – government could take whatever means necessary to protect the country while at war.
23. How and why were Japanese-Americans compensated for their internment during WWII?
- In the 1980’s, the US gov’t gave $20,000 to any survivor of the Japanese internment – why? To apologize for their wrongful internment.

13. Chapter 16
24. Why were African Americans and women able to make economic gains during WWII?
- Both were able to get jobs – why? Men drafted in war, more factories built to produce for the war. Still received less pay, still faced discrimination
- Lost jobs when men returned from war.
25. Which War Office was responsible for paying for new plant capacity or asking businesses to build new plants? What did this do for workers in America?
- War Production Board