1. BAROQUE
ART

2. Development of Baroque Music
Renaissance was expressive
Previous music was more structured
In what way do you think that was different than previous music? Why? What two groups controlled it?
Renaissance music had no real rules… just expressing emotions, dancing, expressing…
Baroque was an era that demanded rules – return to order
But… it’s endless… energy… wild… VERY DRAMATIC
Attempted to evoke passion and excitement, deep emotions
Why? What was going on during this era?
What groups would use music to draw out emotions? (for their cause)

3. Baroque music: 1600 to 1750
Followed Renaissance music
Saw the creation of tonality (music in a particular key (tone))
Baroque likely seems more powerful and dramatic
Key composers: Johann Sebastian Bach
Antonio Vivaldi
George Handel
Johann Pachelbel

4. Baroque visual art reflected the music, and the era…
In a word…
DRAMATIC!

5. Baroque: reaction against artificial stylization of Mannerism
Among the great Baroque masters:
Italian painter Caravaggio
Italian sculptor Bernini
Flemish painter Rubens
Spanish painting Velazquez
Dutch painter Rembrandt
Characteristics:
realistic subjects (historical characters in contemporary clothing)
spectacular action
powerful emotions
Dramatic lighting (chiaroscuro)
Bold asymmetric and diagonal compositions
Often religious, mystical and historical subjects
Often used as propaganda for the Church or State

6. The Stigmatization of Saint Francis
Caravaggio
1596 (Oil on canvas)

7. Supper at Emmaus
Caravaggio, Oil on canvas 54 3/4 x 76 3/4 in., National Gallery, London

8. Judith Beheading Holofernes
Caravaggio, 1598, Rome Oil on canvas 56 3/4 x 76 3/4 in.
Rembrandt van Rijn

9. Storm on the Sea of Galilee
Rembrandt van Rijn
Storm on the Sea of Galilee

10. Rembrandt van Rijn Nightwatch Or…
The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642

11. Judith Beheading Holofernes
Caravaggio
1598 Oil on canvas 56 3/4 x 76 3/4 in. Galleria Nazionale dell'Arte Antica, Rome
Judith, (a woman embodying the power of the people of Israel to defeat the enemy, though superior in numbers, by means of cunning and courage) sought out Holofernes in his tent, got him drunk, then beheaded him. The sight of their commander's bloodstained head on the battlements put the enemy to flight.
The original bare breasts of Judith were later covered by the semi-transparent blouse

12. The Conversion of Saint Paul
Caravaggio, , Rome Oil on canvas 90 1/2 x 70 in

13. Flemish Baroque
(This was the Catholic section of the Netherlands. Notice the Spanish and Counter-Reformation influence)

14. The Elevation of the Cross
Peter Paul Rubens
Antwerp

15. The Descent from the Cross
Peter Paul Rubens
Antwerp

16. Prometheus Bound Peter Paul Rubens
1610 / 1612 Philadelphia Museum of Art

18. Fall of Man
Peter Paul Rubens
1629 Prado, Spain

19. Three Graces
Peter Paul Rubens
1635 Prado, Spain

20. See the influence from Renaissance?
Bottocelli’s Primavera, 1482

21. How is Baroque Art different than Renaissance Art?
Groups #1:
How is Baroque Art different than Renaissance Art?

22. How is Baroque Art similar to Renaissance Art?
Groups #2:
How is Baroque Art similar to Renaissance Art?

23. How is Baroque Art a reaction to Renaissance Art?
Groups #3:
How is Baroque Art a reaction to Renaissance Art?

24. How does Baroque Art show us something about the era of Absolutism?
Groups #4:
How does Baroque Art show us something about the era of Absolutism?

25. Groups #5:
Why would The Counter Reformation choose Baroque Art as its tool to get people back into Catholicism?

26. Groups #6:
What aspects of Baroque Art helps us to grasp the socio-political climate of this era?

27. For all Groups:
Compare Baroque art to two leaders in Europe who are exemplified in the tone of this art form. Explain.