1. New Approaches to TB Vaccination
Zhou Xing, MD, PhD, Mangalakumari Jeyanathan, PhD, Fiona Smaill, MD 
CHEST 
Volume 146, Issue 3, Pages (September 2014)
DOI: /chest
Copyright © 2014 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

2. figure 1
–Global TB vaccine pipeline. The vaccine candidates (protein based, viral vectored, and mycobacterial organism based) currently undergoing various phases of clinical evaluation are shown.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 2014 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

3. figure 2
Geographical distribution of protective T cells determined by route of TB vaccination. A, T cells activated by parenteral vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin or viral-based vaccines populate the lung interstitium via the pulmonary circulation, where they become long-lived memory T cells. Because of the lack of chemotactic signals in the lung and the lack of expression of mucosal-homing molecules, such antigen-specific T cells do not enter the airway lumen in naive state or in the early stage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. B, T cells activated by respiratory mucosal vaccination populate both the lung interstitium and the airway lumen via the pulmonary circulation, where they become long-lived memory T cells. Such T cells express mucosal-homing receptors CCR1, CCR6, and CCR8 and αEβ7 (CD103) and α4β1 (VLA4) integrins. αEβ7 integrin binds to the E cadherin expressed on the basal-lateral surface of the airway epithelium. Circulating T cells that express the respiratory mucosal homing signatures following parenteral or respiratory mucosal vaccination are potential biomarkers used as a protective correlate. DC = dendritic cell; MΦ = macrophage.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 2014 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions