1. INVITED PAPER PRESENTATION
“Entrepreneurship' Research”
Prof. S.A.S. Aruwa
Nasarawa State University, Keffi
Entrepreneurship Development Centre
Workshop, 2015
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015

2. Root of Entrepreneurship An Entrepreneur Capital Labour Land … a factor of production
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015

3. What Is Entrepreneurship?
The pursuit of opportunity through innovation, creativity and hard work without regard for the resources currently controlled.
Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new organizations or revitalizing mature organizations, particularly new businesses generally in response to identified opportunities. Entrepreneurship is often a difficult undertaking, as a vast majority of new businesses fail.
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015

4. Sources of knowledge Common sense: Every one knows that it is so
Intuition: I just know it
Beliefs: it is based on personal conviction
Tenacity: verification over the years
Tradition: practice through generations
Personal Experience: personal testing and experience
Authority: the word of experts
Divine and supernatural powers: the revelations of God and of other powers
Reason and logic: the intellect can capture truth and knowledge directly
Scientific methods: knowledge is derived through empirical procedures

5. Capital market context
Principles & Practice
The Timmons Model of the Entrepreneurial Process –Research Opportunities
Creativity
Leadership
Communication
Opportunity
(2)
Resources
(4)
Business Plan
Fits and gaps
Ambiguity
Exogenous forces
Capital market context
Uncertainty
Team
(3)
Founder (1)
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015

6. What Is An Opportunity? –Research needed
Recognizing a desired future state involving growth or change
A belief that achievement of that state is possible
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015

7. Categories of Entrepreneurs –Research Needed
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8. Why People Become Entrepreneurs – Research needed
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015

9. Factors Supporting and Expanding Opportunities for Entrepreneurs –Research Opportunity
1. A favorable public perception,
2. the availability of financing,
3. the falling cost and widespread availability of information technology,
4. globalization,
5. entrepreneurship education, and
6. changing demographic and economic trends
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015

10. Influence of Entrepreneurs on the Economy –Research Opportunity
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11. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs –Research Opportunity
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12. The Entrepreneurship framework –Research Opportunities
Psychological factors
- Core self-evaluation
- Cognitive properties
- Aspects of personality and motives
Non-psychological (environmental) factors
- Work/Management/ functional experience
- Opportunities
- Demand conditions
- Access to resources
- Skills acquisition and development
- Strategic
Education and training in institutions of higher learning
Government agencies and policies and on job creation and entrepreneurship development
Entrepreneurship Development
Job and Wealth Creation
NECESSARY CONDITIONS
SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015 6

13. Entrepreneurial Outcomes: Research Opportunity 1. Wealth Creation 2
Entrepreneurial Outcomes: Research Opportunity 1. Wealth Creation 2. Job Creation 3. Value addition 4. Community Improvement
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14. Focus of Undergraduate Entrepreneurship Research Designs Exploratory Entrepreneur-Idea-Opprtunity-Venture Creation Experiential Industrial reports Group Group dynamics and Team-building Data & Analysis Technique Primary data collection/instrumentation/Descriptive Research Report Long Essay/Full Faculty Format
©SAS Aruwa| INVITED PAPER ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH AT EDC WORKSHOP, 2015

15. Conclusion The following themes and links between themes are worthy of additional research as well as policy-maker and practitioner attention. 1. The theoretical antecedents explaining entrepreneurial behavior remain quite disparate (Theme 1 in Figure 1). Studies are required that attempt to integrate the inter-disciplinary nature of entrepreneurship. 2. There is a growing appreciation of different types of entrepreneurs (i.e., nascent, novice, serial and portfolio entrepreneurs) as well as contrasting organizational forms selected 3. Alongside the need to examine the heuristics of different types of entrepreneurs, there is scope to examine the cognitive behaviors of subgroups of entrepreneurs. 4. Several studies have explored the opportunity recognition and information search processes exhibited by different types of entrepreneurs (Theme 3). Limited research has, however, been conducted focusing on how entrepreneurs use the knowledge they have acquired. 5. There is further scope to examine the resource acquisition strategies selected by different types of entrepreneur (Theme 3).
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16. www. aruwa. com. ng aruwasas@nsuk. edu
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