4. The Ottoman Empire

5. Ottoman Map 1

6. What’s the difference?
Empire
Republic

7. Ottomans & Central Powers lose
Ottoman Empire & WWI
Ottomans & Central Powers lose
We surrender!

8. Results of WWI & Partitioning
San-Remo Agreement (1920)
Ottoman’s lose their land; British and French partitioned (divided) the Middle East in to countries

10. Stateless Nations
groups with no country
Palestinians

11. Israelis (Jewish)
Palestinians (Muslim & Arab)

12. Palestinian Fight PLO – Palestinian Liberation Organization
Hamas – seen as a terrorist group by Israeli government
Latest violence

17. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
David Ben-Gurion, the main founder and first Prime Minister of Israel, reading the 1948 Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel in the Tel Aviv Museum of Art in Israel.

18. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
Overview: Of the modern world conflicts, few, if any, have lasted as long as the fight between the Palestinians and Israelis. This conflict has its origins in the creation of Israel as a Jewish state in Since Israel’s formation, the Jewish Israelis and Arab Muslim Palestinians have fought over who should control the country. The focus of this DBQ is on why such a controversial Jewish state was allowed to form in the first place.
Israelis (Jewish)
Palestinians (Muslim & Arab)

19. DOCUMENT BASED QUESTIONS
…or DBQ for short

20. What is DBQ? Student = Historian a way to learn about the past
students carefully investigate multiple documents in order to answer a question about the past
Student = Historian

21. What do we do with documents?
We investigate these documents in order to draw conclusions about the past.
History is an account of the past.
There are always different accounts.
Looking at multiple documents (evidence) will give us a better picture of what an event was really like.

22. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
The Documents: Document A: The First Covenant Document B: The Israeli Declaration of Independence Document C: The Jewish State Document D: A View of the Holocaust: the Enemy Document E: The Balfour Declaration

23. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
Hook: Who Gets it?

24. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
Background Essay

25. 1 2 12 5 3 4 6

26. 7 10 8 11 9

27. (ex. Babylonians, Mongols, Romans)
Jewish Diaspora
the forced scattering of Jewish people from their homeland by foreign invaders
(ex. Babylonians, Mongols, Romans)

29. Diaspora Russia Europe Jewish North Africa “Israel” “Promised Land
“Canaan”
“Palestine”
North Africa

32. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
Background Essay Questions

33. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
Pre-Bucketing
What kind of answer do you need to give to the DBQ question?
agree OR disagree
yes OR no
reasons for something
Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?

34. Pre-Bucketing Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3
If you are looking for reasons why Israel was created, how could you label each bucket?
Reason 1
Reason 2
Reason 3

35. Pre-Bucketing
Directions: Using any clues from the DBQ question and the document titles on the cover page, think of possible analytical categories and label the buckets. You will you these buckets to collect and sort evidence from the documents.

36. Pre-Bucketing Doc A Doc B Doc C Doc E Doc D Doc G
Think of the buckets as the categories in which you will sort and collect your evidence from the documents. Each bucket will hold information about the same topic and later become a paragraph in your DBQ essay.
Doc A
Doc B
Doc C
Doc E
Doc D
Doc G

37. Pre-Bucketing Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3
Using any clues from the DBQ question and the document titles on the cover page, can you think of possible analytical categories to label the buckets?
Reason 1
Reason 2
Reason 3

38. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
The Documents: Document A: The First Covenant Document B: The Israeli Declaration of Independence Document C: The Jewish State Document D: A View of the Holocaust: the Enemy Document E: The Balfour Declaration

39. Pre-Bucketing
What are the bucket?

40. International support
Pre-Bucketing
What are the buckets?
International support
Jewish persecution
Biblical support

41. International support
Pre-Bucketing
Rewrite each bucket in your own words. You may not use any of the original words or their root words .
International support
Jewish persecution
Biblical support

42. Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
Document Analysis
Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?
The Documents: Document A: The First Covenant Document B: The Israeli Declaration of Independence Document C: The Jewish State Document D: A View of the Holocaust: the Enemy Document E: The Balfour Declaration

43. Document A 1 2
SOURCE: Torah portion, Lekh L'kha, taken from the Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures. The Jewish Publication Society. Philadelphia, PA 3
Genesis 12:1 - 7
1 The Lord said to Abram, Go forth from your native land and from your father's house to the land that I will show you.
2 I will make of you a great nation, And I will bless you; I will make your name great, And you shall be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you And curse him that curses you; And all the families of the earth Shall bless themselves by you."
4 Abram went forth as the Lord had commanded him, and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he left Haran. 5 Abram took his wife Sarai and his brother's son Lot, and all the wealth that they had amassed, and the persons that they had acquired in Haran; and they set out for the land of Canaan. When they arrived in the land of Canaan, 6 Abram passed through the land as far as the site of Shechem, at the terebinth of Moreh. The Canaanites were then in the land.
7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, "I will assign this land to your heirs." And he built an altar there to the Lord who had appeared to him. 4 5 6 7

44. Sourcing
Where did the document come from? Why does it matter where it cam from?

45. Torah: the first five books in the Hebrew scriptures.
HOLY BOOK/ SACRED TEXT
Torah: the first five books in the Hebrew scriptures.
Tanakh: the rest of the Old Testament

46. TORAH
10 Commandments

47. Mesopotamia Ur

48. Quoting Text 1) Direct quote 2) Paraphrased/summarized
“After being forcibly exiled from their land, the people kept faith with it throughout their Dispersion [Diaspora] and never ceased to pray and hope for their return to it and for the restoration in it of their political freedom” (Doc B).
2) Paraphrased/summarized
After begin forced out of their land in the Diaspora, the Jews kept praying and hoping to get their land back (Doc B).
3) Quote fragment
The Jews “never ceased to pray and hope for their return to [Israel] and for the restoration in [Israel] of their political freedom” (Doc B).
The Jews were “forcibly exiled from their land” (Doc B).
“ The people kept faith with [Israel] throughout their Dispersion [Diaspora]” (Doc B).

49. Document B
SOURCE: published in the Official Gazette: Number 1; Tel Aviv, 5 Iyar 5708, Page 1 *The Official Gazette is the newspaper of record for the State of Israel, in which official records and laws are published. NOTE: On May 14, 1948, on the day in which the British Mandate over Palestine expired, the Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved the following proclamation, declaring the establishment of the State of Israel. The new state was recognized that night by the United States and three days later by the USSR.

50. How to make an inference Document B
Ask yourself, “Why would the Jews not want to stay in Europe after the Holocaust?”
Even after the Holocaust, Nazis and their supporters still lived in Europe. There was probably still anti-Semitism in Europe.
Jews didn’t feel safe.
They didn’t know if another Holocaust would happen again.
Jews were traumatized by events.
Jewish houses, businesses, synagogues, families, and possessions destroyed. Life as they knew it was gone.

51. Document B The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel
Provisional Government of Israel
The Land of Israel was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their spiritual, religious and political identity was shaped. Here they first attained to statehood, created cultural values of national and universal significance and gave to the world the eternal Book of Books.
After being forcibly exiled from their land, the people kept faith with it throughout their Dispersion [Diaspora] and never ceased to pray and hope for their return to it and for the restoration in it of their political freedom.
Impelled by this historic and traditional attachment, Jews strove in every successive generation to re- establish themselves in their ancient homeland. In recent decades they returned in their masses. Pioneers, defiant returnees, and defenders, they made deserts bloom, revived the Hebrew language, built villages and towns, and created a thriving community controlling its own economy and culture, loving peace but knowing how to defend itself, bringing the blessings of progress to all the country's inhabitants, and aspiring towards independent nationhood.
In the year 5657 (1897), at the summons of the spiritual father of the Jewish State, Theodore Herzl, the First Zionist Congress convened and proclaimed the right of the Jewish people to national rebirth in its own country.
This right was recognized in the Balfour Declaration of the 2nd November, 1917, and re-affirmed in the Mandate of the League of Nations which, in particular, gave international sanction to the historic connection between the Jewish people and Eretz-Israel and to the right of the Jewish people to rebuild its National Home.
The catastrophe which recently befell the Jewish people - the massacre of millions of Jews in Europe - was another clear demonstration of the urgency of solving the problem of its homelessness by re- establishing in Eretz-Israel the Jewish State, which would open the gates of the homeland wide to every Jew and confer upon the Jewish people the status of a fully privileged member of the community of nations (continued on next page)
Document B

52. Survivors of the Nazi holocaust in Europe, as well as Jews from other parts of the world, continued to migrate to Eretz-Israel, undaunted by difficulties, restrictions and dangers, and never ceased to assert their right to a life of dignity, freedom and honest toil in their national homeland.
In the Second World War, the Jewish community of this country contributed its full share to the struggle of the freedom- and peace-loving nations against the forces of Nazi wickedness and, by the blood of its soldiers and its war effort, gained the right to be reckoned among the peoples who founded the United Nations.
On the 29th November, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling for the establishment of a Jewish State in Eretz-Israel; the General Assembly required the inhabitants of Eretz-Israel to take such steps as were necessary on their part for the implementation of that resolution. This recognition by the United Nations of the right of the Jewish people to establish their State is irrevocable.
This right is the natural right of the Jewish people to be masters of their own fate, like all other nations, in their own sovereign State.
Accordingly We, members of the People’s Council, Representatives of the Jewish Community of Eretz-Israel and of the Zionist Movement, appeal to the Jewish people throughout the Diaspora to rally round the Jews of Eretz-Israel in the tasks of immigration and upbuilding and to stand by them in the great struggle for the realization of the age-old dream - the redemption of Israel. . .
David Ben-Gurion
Daniel Auster Mordekhai Bentov Yitzchak Ben Zvi Eliyahu Berligne Fritz Bernstein Rabbi Wolf Gold Meir Grabovsky Yitzchak Gruenbaum Dr. Abraham Granovsky Eliyahu Dobkin Meir Wilner-Kovner Zerach Wahrhaftig Herzl Vardi
Rachel Cohen Rabbi Kalman Kahana Saadia Kobashi Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Levin Meir David Loewenstein Zvi Luria Golda Myerson Nachum Nir Zvi Segal Rabbi Yehuda Leib Hacohen Fishman
David Zvi Pinkas Aharon Zisling Moshe Kolodny Eliezer Kaplan Abraham Katznelson Felix Rosenblueth David Remez Berl Repetur Mordekhai Shattner Ben Zion Sternberg Bekhor Shitreet Moshe Shapira Moshe Shertok

53. Doc E
The Enemy
The Holocaust was the Nazis' assault on the Jews between 1933 and It culminated in what the Nazis called the 'Final Solution of the Jewish Question in Europe', in which six million Jews were murdered
. . . The Jews figured in Nazi ideology as the arch-enemy of the 'Aryan race', and were targeted not merely for terror and repression but for complete extinction. The Nazis failed in this aim because they ran out of time, but they pursued it fanatically until their defeat in
The ideas and emotions that lay behind the Holocaust were not new, nor were they uniquely German. The Nazis were the heirs of a centuries-old tradition of Jew-hatred, rooted in religious rivalry and found in all European countries. When the Nazis came to carry out their genocidal programme, they found collaborators in all the countries they dominated, including governments that enjoyed considerable public support. Most people drew the line at mass murder, but relatively few could be found to oppose it actively or to extend help to the Jews. . .
. . . Antisemitism, the new racist version of the old Jew-hatred, viewed the Jews as not simply a religious group but as members of a 'Semitic race', which strove to dominate its 'Aryan' rivals. . . Antisemitism proved a convenient glue for conspiracy theories - since Jews were involved in all sorts of ventures and political movements, they could be accused of manipulating all of them behind the scenes. Thus Jews were held responsible for Communism and capitalism, liberalism, socialism, moral decline, revolutions, wars, plagues and economic crises. As the Jews had once been demonised in medieval Europe, so the new antisemites (including many Christians) found new, secular ways of demonising them.

54. Illustration from an anti-Semitic children's primer.
The sign reads "Jews are not wanted here." Germany, 1936.
— US Holocaust Memorial Museum

55. Illustration from a children's book
Illustration from a children's book. The headlines say "Jews are our misfortune" and "How the Jew cheats." Germany, 1936.
— US Holocaust Memorial Museum

56. International support
Bucketing
Task One: Bucketing
Look over all the documents and organize them into your final buckets. Write the labels under each bucket and place the letters of the documents in the buckets where they belong. Remember, your buckets are going to become your body paragraphs in your DBQ essay.
document letters
ex.
Doc E
document letters
ex.
Doc A
document letters
ex.
Doc D
Biblical support
International support
Jewish persecution

57. International support
Bucketing
Doc B
Doc E
Doc A
Doc B
Doc B
Doc C
Doc D
Biblical support
International support
Jewish persecution

58. What’s the point of a chicken’s foot?
Chicken Foot
What’s the point of a chicken’s foot?

59. rephrase DBQ question as a statement
Chicken Foot
Task Two: Thesis Development & Road Map On the “chicken foot” below, write your thesis and your road map. Your thesis is always an opinion and answers the DBQ question. The road map is created from your bucket labels and lists the topic areas you will examine in order to prove your thesis.
Reason 1
rephrase DBQ question as a statement
Reason 2
Reason 3

60. Chicken Foot
Task Two: Thesis Development & Road Map On the “chicken foot” below, write your thesis and your road map. Your thesis is always an opinion and answers the DBQ question. The road map is created from your bucket labels and lists the topic areas you will examine in order to prove your thesis.
Biblical support
Israel was created as a Jewish state in 1948 due to
International support
Jewish persecution

61. Thrash Out: Preparation
Debating the question:
Pick the reason you think was the MOST important to Israel becoming a Jewish state in 1948.
Reason 1 – Biblical Support
Reason 2 – International Support
Reason 3 – Jewish Persecution
Find the 3 facts from the documents that BEST support the ONE reason you picked above. Write in complete sentences. Include the document citation, ex. (Doc A) or (Doc F).
Write your answers on the back of the bucketing sheet.

62. Thrash Out
Which reason was the MOST important to the creation of Israel as Jewish state in 1948?

63. Thrash Out Round 1 1 minute: Reason 1 intro statement
5 minutes: Reason 1 expanded argument with
evidence from documents
5 minutes: Reason 2 expanded argument with
5 minutes: Reason 3 expanded argument with

64. Thrash Out
Round minutes: Moderated free exchange Round 4 1 minute: Reason 1 closing statement 1 minute: Reason 2 closing statement 1 minute: Reason 3 closing statement

65. Thrash Out The Catch Each person gets only two chances to speak.
You start of with 2 popsicle sticks.
Each time you speak, you put a popsicle stick in the basket.
You will argue the reason you are assigned.
There will be 3 judges (assigned too).

66. The Grand Finale: the Essay
Answering the question finally!
Why was Israel created as a Jewish state in 1948?

67. The Essay: Outline Introduction Body Paragraph 1 (reason #1)
Conclusion