1. WenFeng Wang JSTI GROUP Boston, Nov 29, 2017
Comparison of asphalt emulsion specification and Test Methods between China and US
Good morning everyone, Thanks for the opportunity giving me a few minutes of speech. My name is Wenfeng Wang, come from JSTI group, China. I attended the meeting in Denver. So I am coming again. Well, my title is about Comparison of asphalt emulsion specification and Test Methods between China and U.S.
WenFeng Wang
JSTI GROUP
Boston, Nov 29, 2017

2. OUTLINE Classification Standard of Asphalt Emulsion (AE)
Specification Comparison
3. Test methods and criterion

3. Classification standard of AEUS
ASTM D Demulsification speed
Rapid Setting----RS-1, RS-2
Middle Setting----MS-1, MS-2, MS-2h
Slow Setting----SS-1， SS-1h
Quick Setting----QS-1h
ASTM D Cationic asphalt emulsion
CRS-1, CRS-2, CMS-2, CMS-2h, CSS-1, CSS-1h, CQS-1h
ASTM D Selection and Use of AE
Viscosity
Penetration of Residue
As We know, asphalt emulsion in US, is classified on the basis of demulsification speed, and then secondly classified by viscosity or penetration of residue. Maybe any mistake on the powerpoint, please finger out.

4. Classification standard of AE
China
JTG F
Demulsification speed, Application
Classification
Code
Demulsification
Application
Cationic emulsified asphalt
PC-1
Rapid
surface、seal coat
PC-2
Slow
layer oil
PC-3
Rapid or Middle
tack coat
BC-1
Slow or Middle
Slurry Sealing, Cold Mix Asphalt
Anionic emulsified asphalt
PA-1
PA-2
PA-3
BA-1
Nonionic emulsified asphalt
PN-2
BN-1
Base reclamation
In China, The same as US is classified by demulsification speed, but then based on scope of application, for example tack coat/prime coat, MS/slurry. As ussal, the asphalt emulsion is cationic emulsion。
China: classified by demulsification speed, and then the scope of application is used as the classification standard.

5. Specification comparison Specification for asphalt emulsion
China US
JTG F
ASTM
AASHTO
Asphalt Emulsion(AE)
Table 4.3.2
D977-13
M140-16
Polymer modified AE
M316-16
Cationic AE D
M208-16
Rapid setting AE
M81-92(2012)
Middle setting AE
M82-75(2012)
Micro surfacing
MP8-16
Chip seal
MP27-16
Next is specification comparison. The table list specifications，such as asphalt emulsion, polymer AE, cationic AE, Rapid setting AE, and so on, and AASHTO made many types specification according to the type of emulsion. To give a detailed guidance for the practice and application. In China, the specification for asphalt emulsion is named F40, and F40 was published in 2004,13 years ago.
AASHTO made specifications according to the type of emulsion
In China, the specification for asphalt emulsion is named F40 which was published in 2004.

6. Specification comparison
Standard practice comparison
Standard Practice
China US
ASTM
AASHTO
Usage and selection
R5-13
sampling
R66-16
Certified supplier
R78-16
Specification for chip seal
MP27-16
Design for chip seal
PP82-16
Design for Micro surfacing
PP83-16
Emulsion recycling agent D
Mixing property D
Low temperature evaporation residue
D7497(2016)
Vacuum oven recycling residues D
Specification and practice
D244-09
T59-16
Freezing thawing effect D
Standard practice of Cation Recognition D
With respect of standard practice，ASTM and ASHHTO give out detailed standard practice. However, the work of standard practice is lacking in China.
The work of standard practice is lacking in China

7. Specification comparison
Standard Test Methods comparison
Test specification
China US
JTG-E
ASTM
AASHTO
Demulsification speed T D
 T59
viscosity
Standard T
Angler T
Saybolt T D
T72-10(2015)
Dynamic / D
Evaporation
residue T
D (2016)
Distillation D
T78-15
Sieve residue T
D6930
T295-13
density D
particle size D

8. Specification comparison
Standard Test Methods comparison
Test specification
China US
E20
ASTM
AASHTO
Ionic charge T
D244
T59
Aggregate adhesion T
storage stability
room temperature T
D6930
low temperature T
Mixing property
cement T D
aggregate T
Mixing with water T
water content(distillation)
Draft
And let me show the next, Standard test methods, the table list the test methods of asphalt emulsion, for example , Demulsification speed, viscosity, evaporation residue, sieve residue, ionic charge, storage stability, many test methods has been used since the year of Well it grows older. So , our test methods and specification need update and revision. need a lot work to improve it .
In China, many test methods has been using since the year of 1993

9. Test specification and Requirement
Viscosity
Test specification
U.S----ASTM
Saybolt viscosity, Rotational viscosity
Rapid setting and middle setting: 50℃
Slow setting and quick setting: 25℃
China
Angler viscosity: E25, 25℃
Standard viscosity C25,3, 25℃
The third part for comparison is about test specification and requirement.
The test method for viscosity, in U.S, adopts Saybolt and rotational viscosity. The rapid and middle setting emulsion , test temp is at 50 ℃.
However, China adopt Angler and Chinese standard viscosity. both of them, test temp is at 25℃. for rapid setting and middle setting emulsion, especially with regard to spray emulsion, applied at the temp of 50-60℃(degrees celsius)，so the test temp is not very suitable.
In China, spray emulsion that is usually applied at 50℃, the test temp is not very suitable.

10. Test specification and Requirement
Viscosity
Criterion US
China
Category
Test temperature（℃）
Rapid Setting
Middle Setting
Slow Setting
Quick Setting
CRS-1
CRS-2
CMS-2
CMS-2h
CSS-1
CSS-1h
CQS-1h
Saybolt viscosity（s） 25 /
20~100 50
100~400
50~450
Rotational viscosity（mpa.s）
45~220
220~880
110~990
Because the test requirement is different, the criterion of viscosity between US and China has a large of differences.
Spraying
Mixing
Category
Test temperature（℃）
PC-1
PC-2
PC-3
BC-1
Standard viscosity （s）
C25，3
10~25
8~20
10~60
Angler viscosity
25℃
2~10
1~6
2~30
The criterion of viscosity between US and China has a large of differences because of the test requirement

11. Test specification and Requirement
Residue recovery method
Test Requirements
US---ASTM D6934/D6997/ASTM D7497: Method B
Distillation: 260℃， 15min
Decompressing distillation: 135℃
60℃， 6hr， Thin Film –silicone Mat
China----JTG E20 T0651
Heated by conventional electric stove
No definite test temperature in the process
163℃ ±3℃, 1min, after confirmation of no water
this page shows the comparison of residue recovery method. ASTM develop evaporation, distillation and low temp evaporation, three methods. But, China still retain one kind of method, is evaporation method at the temp of 163℃. some research teams report a few of papers about low temp Evaporation method, but they did not promote it to be a specification yet.
US: Evaporation – Distillation — Low temp Evaporation
China: still retain Evaporation
Influenced by many factors, Poor reproducibility, Aging risk

12. Test specification and Requirement
Residue
Criterion US
Cationic emulsified asphalt
Rapid Setting
Middle Setting
Slow Setting
Quick Setting
Category
CRS-1
CRS-2
CMS-2
CMS-2h
CSS-1
CSS-1h
CQS-1h
Residue content（%），≥ 60 65 57
Penetration
（25℃，0.1mm）
100~250
40~90
Ductility
（25℃，cm），≥ 40
Solubility
（%）, ≥
97.5
Reclassification by residual content and penetration

13. Test specification and Requirement
Residue
Criterion
China
Cationic emulsified asphalt
Spraying
Mixing
Category
PC-1
PC-2
PC-3
BC-1
Residue content
（%），≥ 50 55
Penetration
（25℃，0.1mm）
50~200
50~300
45~150
Ductility
（15℃，cm），≥ 40
Solubility
97.5
The next two slides list the criterion of residue including US and China, the largest difference is residue content. In China, the residue content require 50% for spray emulsion. Because in the most region of China, the emulsion is produced in place/situ/site for construction project and preservation project, usually all of fresh emulsion is consumed. So, In the project field, emulsion have no storage problem.
The largest difference is residue content
Ductility and solubility refer to ASTM standards

14. Test specification and Requirement
Aggregate adhesion
Test Requirements US
Aiming at middle setting AE
Mixing 5min, take half to observe the adhesion,
The other half is washed with water to observe the adhesion
China
Soak in water for 1 min. Soak in AE for 1 min, Take out and hang it for 24h at room temperature.
Then boiled it at 100℃.
Take out and observe the adhesion
the last method to compare，is aggregate adhesion, China adopt water boiling method, similar to hot asphalt, so as to Europe standard. And U.S focus on middle setting asphalt emulsion
U.S: Pay attention to adhesion performance during mixing
China adopts water boiling method, similar to hot asphalt, refer to Europe standard.

15. Conclusion
1. Update current Chinese asphalt emulsion specifications and practice and test methods
Promote low temperature evaporation
Develop varied specifications, design methods and best practice of asphalt emulsion for different pavement preservation treatments
2. Keep up with SPG/EPG
3. Make efforts towards to performance related specification

16. Thank you !
Wenfeng Wang