1.
GEOGRAFIA POPULATIEI 2018

5. POPULATIA – totalitatea oamenilor care traiesc intr-un anumit spatiu geografic si intr-o anumita perioada.
Geografia populatiei studiaza:
numarul si evoluţia numerică ( dinamica populatiei)
distributia spatiala
mobilitatea populaţiei
structura demografica (socio-culturala şi socio-economica)
relatia populatie  – dezvoltare economica

6. 108 billion people have ever lived on earth. 6
108 billion people have ever lived on earth. 6.4% of them – 7 billion – are alive now. Standing side by side, the entire world’s population would fit into 500 square miles (1,300 square kilometers,) – less than the size of Los Angeles. 

7. În prezent, cele mai populate şapte ţări ale lumii sunt
China (1,36 miliarde)
India (1,276 miliarde)
SUA (316,2 milioane
Indonezia (248,5 milioane)
Brazilia (195,5 milioane)
Pakistan (190,7 milioane)
Nigeria (174,9 milioane)
În prezent, cele mai populate şapte ţări ale lumii sunt

12. evoluţia numerică
în jurul anului 8000 î.Hr.
Revolutia agricola (neolitica)
trecerea omului de la culegator si vanator la cultivator si crescator de animale
Omul a devenit sedentar si a creat primele aşezări permanente
Populatia Terrei aprox 5 mil loc
estimările demografice dinainte de 1800 sunt doar aproximări
La inceputul Erei noastre: aprox 250 mil loc.

13. 8000 î.Hr. -1650 populatia a crescut treptat, dublându-se la fiecare 1500 de ani
în de milioane
Rata medie de creştere a populatiei a fost doar de 0,04-0,06% pe an,
mortalitatea infantilă, foametea, bolile, dezastrele naturale şi războaiele au afectat puterinc dinamica populaţiei.
Între , populaţia globului s-a dublat, atingând 1 miliard.
Timpul de dublare s-a redus , de la 1500 de ani la doar 200 de ani
rata de creştere a atins 0,3-0,4% pe an.
după anul 1800
creşterea accentuată a populaţiei ca rezultat al evoluţiilor înregistrate în agricultură, sănătate şi igienă dar şi datorită schimbărilor economice şi sociale dupa revolutia industriala care au ridicat mult nivelul de trai, mai ales în Europa şi America de Nord.

14. World Population Growth Through History
Billions 12 11
2100 10 9
Modern
Age 8
Old
Stone
Bronze
Iron
Middle 7
Age
New Stone Age
Age
Age
Ages 6
2000
Future 5 4
1975 3
1950 2
1900 1
Black Death —
The Plague
1800
1+ million
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
years
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C. 1
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).

16. Sources: UN Population Division and Population Reference Bureau.

17. World Population Clock
2005
Natural Increase per
World
More Developed Countries
Less Developed Countries
Less Developed Countries (less China)
Year
80,794,218
1,234,907
79,559,311
71,906,587
Day
221,354
3,383
217,971
197,004
Minute
154 2
151
137
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

18. Growth in More, Less Developed Countries
Billions
Less Developed Regions
More Developed Regions
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

20. Bilantul total al populatiei
EVOLUTIA NUMERICA A POPULATIEI
Sporul natural
Sporul migratoriu
Bilantul total al populatiei

21. SPORUL NATURAL AL POPULATIEI
is the percentage growth or decline in the population of a country per year (not including net migration).
Countries in Africa and Southwest Asia have the highest current rates, while Russia and some European countries have negative rates

22. SPORUL NATURAL AL POPULATIEI este un indicator demografic care arata cu cat creste/scade numarul populatiei intr-un an, exclusiv pe cale naturala (fara migratii)
reprezinta diferenta dintre natalitatea si mortalitatea intregistrate in cadrul unei populatii in timp de un an.
Sn = N – M
Natalitatea- numarul total al nascutilor vii dintr-un an, la fiecare 1000 locuitori.
Mortalitatea- numarul total al decedatilor dintr-un an, la fiecare 1000 locuitori

24. Statul cu cea mai mare rata a N este Niger (51.26 / 1000 loc).
Natalitatea- numarul total al nascutilor vii dintr-un an, la fiecare 1000 locuitori
Statul cu cea mai mare rata a N este Niger (51.26 / 1000 loc).
Statul cu cea mai mica rata a N este Japonia(7.64 / 1000 loc)
Years
CBR
1950–1955
37.2
2000–2005
21.2
1955–1960
35.3
2005–2010
20.3
1960–1965
34.9
2010–2015
19.4
1965–1970
33.4
2015–2020
18.2
1970–1975
30.8
2020–2025
16.9
1975–1980
28.4
2025–2030
15.8
1980–1985
27.9
2030–2035
15.0
1985–1990
27.3
2035–2040
14.5
1990–1995
24.7
2040–2045
14.0
1995–2000
22.5
2045–2050
13.4

26. La nivel national N variaza f mult
N > 30 /1000 este considerata ridicata
% dintre tarile lumii au N >30 /1000
2012 este aprox 20/1000
Statele cu N mare sunt predominant cele cu economie agrara si cu o proportie mare a populatiei feminine, tinere
Inregistrarirle natalitatii nu sunt intotdeauna complete:
datele arata ca annual sunt 50 mil nasteri care nu sunt numarate si inregistrate oficial
N < 18/1000 este considerata scazuta
Natalitatea se modifica in functie de conditii demografice, economice, sociale:
Industrializarea
Urbanizarea
Imbatranirea populatiei
Politicile demografice guvernamentale
La nivel national N variaza f mult

27. N = 10–20 /1000 este considerata scazuta
O natalitate scazuta produce un dezechilibru intre grupele de varsta.
Apar probleme legate de sustinerea unei populatii varstnice numeroase de catre un numar mai redus al populatiei active
N = 40–50 /1000 este considerata ridicata.
O natalitate ridicata produce probleme privind:
educatia unui numar mare de copii si tineri,
crearea locurilor de munca,
asigurarea locuintelor,
a conditiilor economice si sociale adecvate,
calitatea mediului inconjurator.

29. In multe tari ale lumii, scaderea natalitatii se datoreaza;
Rata N este o preocupare importanta a statelor in elaborarea politicii demografice
Unele state (ex Italia si Malaysia) incurajeaza cresterea natalitatii prin facilitati fiscale, suport financiar, sau diferite servicii pentru tinerele mame
Alte state (ex Chia, Iran) au politici de reducere a natalitatii prin controlul nasterilor pe cai administrative, fiscale sau chiar politice ( China “Un singur copil”)
In multe tari ale lumii, scaderea natalitatii se datoreaza;
emanciparii si drepturiilor femeii
incadrarii ei activa in toate domeniile economice si sociale ,
masurilor de sanatate a reproducerii,
legalizarii intreruperilor de sarcina si a altor masuri contraceptive,
planificarii familiale
In multe tari in dezvoltare , aflate in tranzitie demografica, N ridicata este asociata cu:
nivel de trai scazut
saracie
Malnutritie
probleme de sanatate,
speranata de viata scazuta,
nivel redus al educatiei.

30. China - reduced CBR from 33+ in 1970 to 18 in 1986.
Historical population of China 
Census
Pop. %±
1953
582,603,417 —
1964
694,581,759
19.2%
1982
1,008,175,288
45.1%
1990
1,133,682,501
12.4%
2000
1,265,830,000
11.7%
2010
1,339,724,852
5.8%
China's Way
In 1965 Chairman Mao stated an ever larger population was "a good thing," when China's CBR was 37 per 1000 and its population was 540 million.
In 1976 population reached 852 million although the CBR declined to 25 .
During the 1970s, when it became evident that population growth was consuming more than half the annual increase in the country's gross domestic product,
China introduced a well-publicized campaign advocating the "two child family" and provided services such as abortions supporting the program. CBR dropped to 19.5 by the late 1970s.
"One couple, one child" became the slogan in 1979 backed by both incentives and penalties.
late marriages were encouraged
Single child families received:
free contraceptives
cash awards
abortions
sterilization
Government sign in Tang Shan: "For a prosperous, powerful
nation and a happy family,
please practice family planning."

31. Years
TFR
1950–1955
4.95
1955–1960
4.89
1960–1965
4.91
1965–1970
4.85
1970–1975
4.45
1975–1980
3.84
1980–1985
3.59
1985–1990
3.39
1990–1995
3.04
1995–2000
2.79
2000–2005
2.62
2005–2010
2.52
2010–2015
2.36
Rata totala afertilitatii unei populatii = numarul mediu de copii pe care o femeie ii naste in timpul vietii ei
“numarul mediu” – deorece in cadrul unei populatii, din numarul total de nasteri unei femei ii revin mai multe, altei femei, mai putine

32. Rata totala a fertilitatii
. The lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest
are in Africa and parts of the Middle East.

33. 1 Niger 7.03 2 Mali 6.25 3 Somalia 6.17 4 Uganda 6.06 5 Burkina Faso
202
    Greece
1.41
203
    Italy
204
    Hungary
205
    Serbia
206
    Armenia
1.39
207
    Slovakia
208
    Japan
209
    Andorra
1.37
210
    Latvia
1.34
211
    Slovenia
1.32
212
    Poland
213
    Romania
1.31
214
    Czech Republic
1.29
215
    Ukraine
216
    Montserrat(UK)
1.28
217
    Lithuania
218
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.25
219
    South Korea
1.24
220
    British Virgin Islands (UK)
221
    Hong Kong
1.11
222
    Taiwan
223
    Macau
0.93
224
    Singapore
0.79 1
Niger
7.03 2
    Mali
6.25 3
    Somalia
6.17 4
    Uganda
6.06 5
    Burkina Faso
6.00 6
    Burundi
5.99 7
    Zambia
5.81 8
    Afghanistan
5.54 9
    South Sudan 10
    Angola
5.49 11
    Republic of the Congo 12
    Mozambique
5.34 13
    Nigeria
5.31 14
    Ethiopia 15
    Malawi
5.26

35. the crude death rate for the whole world
MORTALITATEA
the crude death rate for the whole world
is about 8.37 per 1000 per year

38. Factori care influenteaza mortalitatea
Nivelul general de trai
Alimentatia
Sisteul de sanatate publica
Sanatatea si igiena personala
Siguranta surselor de apa
Factori naturali

39. MORTALITATEA
Years
CDR
1950–1955
19.5
8.6
1955–1960
17.3
2005–2010
8.5
1960–1965
15.5
2010–2015
8.3
1965–1970
13.2
2015–2020
1970–1975
11.4
2020–2025
1975–1980
10.7
2000–2005
1980–1985
10.3
2030–2035
8.8
1985–1990
9.7
2035–2040
9.2
1990–1995
9.4
2040–2045
9.6
1995–2000
8.9
2045–2050 10

40. Death rate (deaths/1000 persons) Afghanistan 14.35 Angola 11.86
Country
Death rate (deaths/1000 persons)
    Afghanistan
14.35
    Angola
11.86
    Central African Republic
14.42
    Djibouti
7.96
    Lesotho
15.02
    Liberia
10.12
    Malawi
12.54
    Mozambique
12.57
    Sierra Leone
11.26
    South Africa
17.36
    Swaziland
13.95
    Zambia
13.17
    Nigeria
13.20
    Zimbabwe
11.40
    Chad
14.85
    Russia
13.97
M max
    Romania
11.86

41.     Costa Rica
4.44
    Nicaragua
5.06
    Turks and Caicos Islands
3.06
    American Samoa
4.62
    Solomon Islands
3.88
    West Bank
3.53
    Oman
3.40
    Maldives
3.80
    Macau
3.97
    Libya
3.56
    Gaza Strip
3.15
    Brunei
3.43
    Jordan
2.80
    Saudi Arabia
3.32
    Qatar
1.54
    Kuwait
2.14
    Northern Mariana Islands
3.52
    United Arab Emirates
2.01
M min

42. Morbiditatea – nr imbolnavirilor

43. According to the World Health Organization, the 10 leading causes of death in were:
12.6% Ischaemic heart disease
9.7% Cerebrovascular disease
6.8% Lower respiratory infections
4.9% HIV/AIDS
4.8% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3.2% Diarrhoeal diseases
2.7% Tuberculosis
2.2% Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers
2.2% Malaria
2.1% Road traffic accidents

44. 2. Rata mortalitatii infantile – numarul de decese in primul an de viata raportat la 1000 de nou nascuti .
50 dintre cele mai sarace state ale lumii, mai ales din Africa, speranta de viata este sub 55 ani
In tarile din sudul Africii cauza principala amortalitatii este SIDA

47. Life Expectancy at Birth in World Regions
1. Speranta de viata - numarul mediu de ani pe care un nou nascut spera ca va trai
Speranta de viata globala a crescut la
69 ani (global)
77 ani in tarile dezvoltate
67 ani in tarile in dezvoltare
56 ani in tarile subdezvoltate
Life Expectancy at Birth in World Regions

51. 180 Burundi ALL 53.0 181 Cameroon 52.6 182 Mozambique 183 Chad 51.5
Japan
ALL
82.7 2
Switzerland
82.6 3
San Marino 4
Italy
82.4 5
Singapore
82.3 6
Iceland 7
Andorra
82.2 8
Australia 9
Spain
82.1 10
Qatar
180
Burundi
ALL
53.0
181
Cameroon
52.6
182
Mozambique
183
Chad
51.5
184
Angola
185
Mali
51.3
186
Swaziland
50.2
187
Lesotho
50.1
188
Guinea-Bissau
49.9
189
Somalia
49.8
190
Rep Of Congo
49.5
191
Central Africa
48.4
192
Sierra Leone
46.5

52. SPORUL NATURAL Sn=N - M
in evolutia numerica a populatiei din ultimele decenii se manifesta o scadere a mai mare a ratei M decat o crestere a ratei N.
O imbunatatire in domeniul nutritiei
O imbunatatire a starii de sanatate prin
cresterea accesului la serviciile medicale,
cresterea calitatii acestora
aplicarea pe scara larga a masurilor de imunizare a populatiei
Population growth rate
1.06% note: this rate results in about 148 net additions to the worldwide population every minute or 2.5 every second (2016 est.)
Birth rate
18.5 births/1,000 population note: this rate results in about 258 worldwide births per minute or 4.3 births every second (2016 est.)
Death rate
7.8 deaths/1,000 population note: this rate results in about 108 worldwide deaths per minute or 1.8 deaths every second (2016 est.)

53. Democratic Republic of the Congo 11.39 42.26 30.87 Burkina Faso 13.02
Country
Crude death rate
Crude birth rate
Rate of natural increase
    Democratic Republic of the Congo
11.39
42.26
30.87
    Burkina Faso
13.02
43.98
30.96
    Mali
14.64
46.09
31.45
    Burundi
9.87
41.43
31.56
    Mayotte
7.05
38.76
31.71
    Zambia
12.84
44.63
31.79
    Ethiopia
11.29
43.34
32.05
    Gaza Strip
3.36
36.26
32.90
    Uganda
11.90
47.55
35.65
    Niger
14.47
51.08
36.61

54. Rate of natural increase Haiti 32.31 24.92 -7.39 Ukraine 15.58 9.62
Countries
Country
Crude death rate
Crude birth rate
Rate of natural increase
    Haiti
32.31
24.92
-7.39
    Ukraine
15.58
9.62
-6.08
    Russia
16.04
11.11
-4.93
    Bulgaria
14.31
9.43
-4.88
    Serbia
13.89
9.20
-4.69
    Belarus
13.81
9.76
-4.05
    Latvia
13.60
9.90
-3.70
    Estonia
13.48
10.42
-3.06
    Hungary
12.67
9.70
-2.97
    Italy
10.83
8.01
-2.82
    Germany
11.00
8.21
-2.79
    Japan
9.98
7.41
-2.42
    Croatia
11.83
9.63
-2.20
    Romania
11.78
9.58

55. Rates of Natural Increase

56. POPULATIA- UN SIST. DESCHIS
Ecuatia demografica-
POPULATIA- UN SIST. DESCHIS
NASTERI
DECESE
POPULATIA
IMIGRARI
EMIGRARI

58. more than 50% 20% to 50% 10% to 20% 4% to 10% 1% to 4% less than 1%
Map of the world with countries coloured according to their immigrant population as a percentage of total population
more than 50%
20% to 50%
10% to 20%
4% to 10%
1% to 4%
less than 1%
no data

59. Country
Number of immigrants
Percentage of total number of immigrants in the world
Immigrants as percentage of national population
 United States
45,785,090
19.8
14.3
 Russia
11,048,064
4.8
7.7
 Germany
9,845,244
4.3
11.9
 Saudi Arabia
9,060,433
3.9
31.4
 United Arab Emirates
7,826,981
3.4
83.7
 United Kingdom
7,824,131
12.4
 France
7,439,086
3.2
11.6
 Canada
7,284,069
3.1
20.7
 Australia
6,468,640
2.8
27.7
 Spain
6,466,605
13.8
 Italy
5,721,457
2.5 9.

61. Net migration rates for 2011:
- positive (blue),
- negative (orange),
- stable (green),
- and no data (gray)

62. Cauze
Mediul social, politic si economic din tara de origine:
lipsa oportunitatilor pentru valorificare personala si profesionala
instabilitate si persecutii politice
criza economica
riscuri privind sanatatea
Oportunitati deosebite in tarile de imigrare
valorificare personala si profesionala
Stabilitate politica
libertati individuale
economie dezvoltata
nivel de trai ridicat
Brain drain - emigrarea indivizilor cu abilitati personale si profesionale deosebite

63. Population: growth
rank
country or area
annual growth rate in %
highest rate of population growth 1.
Niger
3.523 2.
Malawi
3.242 3.
Uganda
3.143 4.
Afghanistan
3.131 5.
Iraq
3.098 6.
United Republic of Tanzania
3.082 7.
Zambia
3.047 8.
Yemen
3.025 9.
Mayotte
3.021
10.
Burkina Faso
2.984

64. Lowest rate of population growth 2010-20151.
Niue
-2.803 2.
Saint Helena
-0.879 3.
Republic of Moldova
-0.683 4.
Bulgaria
-0.658 5.
Wallis and Futuna Islands
-0.649 6.
Georgia
-0.595 7.
Ukraine
-0.547 8.
Lithuania
-0.438 9.
Latvia
-0.376
10.
Belarus
-0.325
11.
United States Virgin Islands
-0.255
12.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
-0.237
13.
Romania
-0.231
14.
Germany
-0.203

65. WHERE ARE THE PEOPLE DISTRIBUTED?
Densely Population Areas
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Europe
North America
Sparsely Population Areas
arid lands
tropical rainforests
highlands
high latitudes

66. The map below indicates the countries
where most of the growth is occurring.
Note that most of the fast growth is in
Africa and the Middle East --- the explosive zones,
one might say.

67. The map below indicates the countries where most of the growth is occurring.
Note that most of the fast growth is in Africa and the Middle East –
the explosive zones

68. Life expectancy at birth
World
68.7 y

69. rank country lifespan 1995-2000 lifespan 2000-2005 lifespan 2010-2015
Population: lowest life expectancy at birth
rank
country
lifespan
lifespan
lifespan
lifespan
lifespan 1.
Botswana
44.4
36.1
43.0
51.6
63.2 2.
Mozambique
40.6
38.0
41.0
47.4
62.8 3.
Swaziland
50.8
38.1
39.2
49.8
62.7 4.
Malawi
40.7
39.3
43.1
49.0
64.0 5.
Lesotho
51.2
40.2
37.8
45.5
65.1 6.
Sierra Leone
37.3
40.5
44.5
48.8
61.5 7.
Djibouti
44.2
63.3 8.
Burundi
44.9
49.6
64.3 9.
Rwanda
39.4
40.9
46.5
52.8
64.2
10.
Zambia
42.2
52.1
58.6
66.0

70. Population: highest life expectancy at birth
rank
country
lifespan
lifespan
lifespan
lifespan
lifespan 1.
Japan
80.5
81.5
83.3
84.9
88.0 2.
Sweden
79.3
80.1
81.1
82.1
84.6 3.
Iceland
78.9
79.4
80.3
83.1 4.
Australia
78.7
79.2
81.0
83.0 5.
Israel
78.3
80.6
81.6
83.5 6.
Switzerland
78.6
79.1
80.0
80.9
82.9 7.
France
78.1
79.0
84.0 8.
Canada
78.5
80.8
82.8 9.
Norway
80.2
81.2
83.7
10.
Belgium
77.9
78.8
81.4
83.8

71. 11.
Spain
78.1
78.8
79.7
80.6
82.6
12.
Italy
78.2
78.7
82.5
13.
Austria
77.7
78.5
80.1
81.2
83.6
14.
Malta
77.6
80.3
81.6
84.0
15.
Greece
78.0
79.5
80.4
82.4
16.
Netherlands
77.9
78.3
79.3
80.2
82.2
17.
Cyprus
77.8
79.2
18.
United Kingdom
77.2
79.8
81.1
83.0
19.
Germany
77.3
81.0
83.4
20.
Singapore
77.1
80.9
82.9
21.
Finland
22.
New Zealand
79.0
80.0
82.0
23.
Luxembourg
77.0
80.8
82.8
24.
USA
76.5
77.5
80.7
25.
Barbados
76.4
78.4
81.4
World
65.0
66.0
68.7
71.3
76.0

72. Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide
Birth rates and death rates are declining around the world. Overall economic development, public health programs, and improvements in food production and distribution, water, and sanitation have led to dramatic declines in death rates.
And women now have fewer children than they did in the 1950s.
Nevertheless, if death rates are lower than birth rates, populations will still grow.
Also, it is possible for absolute numbers of births to increase even when birth rates decline.
Rates of birth, death,
and natural increase
per 1,000 population
Natural Increase

73. The Classic Stages of Demographic Transition
Women worldwide are having fewer children in their lifetimes, from an average of five children born per woman in the 1950s to below three in 2000.
All of the most recent projections put forth by the UN assume that levels of childbearing will continue to decline in the next century.
Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.

74. In ultimii 50 ani populatia Lumiii s-a multiplicat mult mai rapid decat in orice alta perioada din istorie
1950: 2,5 mild
2005: 6,5 mild, world
La o rata medie anuala de crestere a populatiei de 3%, timpul de dublare a populatiei este de 23 ani.

75. rata medie anuala de crestere a populatiei
tarile dezv. din Europa si America de Nord, Australia si Jponia <1%.
Este negativa in multe tari europene:
Rusia (-0.5%),
Estonia (-0.4%),
Ungaria (-0.3%),
Ucraina (-0.8%).