1. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATON

2. ‘click here to add title
Intercultural Communication

3. Some definitions
Intercultural communication is a situation in which people from diverse cultural backgrounds are engaged in communication. Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication events (Porter & Samovar,2001)
Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from two different cultures (Guo-Ming Chen & Starosta,1998)
The interaction between people of difference culture background (Martin & Nakayama,2000)

4. What is culture? A “classic definition” by E.B. Taylor (1967):
“ a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”

5. Clifford Geertz (anthropologist):
“ Culture denotes a historically transmitted pattern of meaning embodied in symbols, a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate and develop their knowledge about attitudes toward life”

6. Harry C. Triandis ( 1994):
“ Culture is a shared meaning system, found among those, who speak a particular language dialect, during a specific historic, period and in a definable geographic region”

7. Approaches in understanding culture
etic
An "etic" account is a description of a behavior or belief by an observer, in terms that can be applied to other cultures; that is, an etic account attempts to be 'culturally neutral'.
emic
An "emic" account is a description of behavior or a belief in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor; that is, an emic account comes from a person within the culture. Almost anything from within a culture can provide an emic account.

8. Culture o culture…
Complex
Many approaches, and many times confusing

9. Lapisan budaya menurut Schein (1985)
Assumptions
Values
Artifact

10. Another way of looking….
Schein representation of organizational culture( 2004):

11. Hofstede (1994)
Amalan (practices)

12. Lapisan budaya menurut Trompenaars (1995)

13. Adaptation to a culture
Sosialisasi (Socialization)
Kesepadanan budaya (cultural fit, organizational fit, person-environment fit)
Akulturasi (Acculturation)
Pelarasan (Adjusment)

14. Communication Barriers and ICC
Barriers to communication happen due to the differences between the cultures, which includes ……………….
The good news is we can improve our competency in intercultural communication.

15. Among the ways to improve ICC
Be flexible
Be respect
Be tolerant
Learn more about other people’s culture
Learn other people’s language
Be non-judgmental about other people and other culture

16. It is ok, but ….
It is ok to feel proud of one’s culture, but not to the extent of being ethnocentric.
It is ok to feel good being born in a specific culture but do not feel other people from other culture are bad.
It is good to feel happy ( and grateful to God ) that you are from a certain culture with some good values, but be willing to learn from other cultures too.

17. Improving ICC : summary
Language
Attitude
Understanding
Perception

18. KEY WORDS

19. Some important terms in ICC
Ethnocentrism
Culture shock
Relativism culture
Normative culture
Self-esteem
Race
Countries
Continents

20. More important terms Ethnic group Flexible Tolerant Uniqueness
Xenocentrism
Language

21. References:
Various