1. Welcome!
Now it’s time for Work!

2. BASIC INSTRUMENTATION
KID
BASIC
MEDIUM
PRO

3. KID
Instrumentation Basics
Electrical Basics
Electronics Basics

4. Basic level
Fundamental Laws

5. Medium level
ELECTROMEGNETICS

6. PRO Level
DCS AND PLC

7. Electrical Basics Basic Terms Current EMF
Potential Difference :Voltage
Power
Energy
Efficiency

8. Atoms

9. Atoms Proton : Positively charge Neutron: Neutral
Electron: Negatively Charged

10. Proton
Location : In the Nucleus
Cannot break Nucleus and move freely

11. ELECTRON
In the outer Orbit
Can move with little bit of push

12. Material Can Give electron easily: Conductors
Can resist from giving electrons : Insulators

13. Conductors
‘Conductors’ are materials that ‘conduct’ current easily.

14. Insulators
Insulators are materials that are very poor at carrying an electric current.

15. Symbol : A Current Current is the flow of electrons!
Amount of electric charge passing through an area per second.
Measured in Ampere!
Symbol : A

16. Current

17. Current

18. Potential Difference

19. Let’s come out!

20. Give me steps to Install Water fall !

21. TANK

22. Flow

23. Because

24. Oh ! Cant Move

25. Try!

26. This can be Done!!!!

27. Now let us move to something electrical
Now let us move to something electrical. Instead of having a waterfall, let us imagine that we want to light up a light bulb.

29. Electrons are steady

30. Same as this

31. Putting a pump!

32. Pump = Potential Diffence

37. Difference ?

38. Same!

39. EMF EMF : Electro Motive Force Unit: Voltage
It is the voltage developed by any source of electrical energy such as a battery or dynamo

40. Power
Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
The SI unit of power is the watt, one joule per second.
Electric power is usually produced by electric generators, but can also be supplied by sources such as electric batteries.

41. Equation
Power = Voltage x Current
P = V x I

42. POWER
Electric power is transformed to other forms of energy when electric charges move through an electric potential (voltage) difference, which occurs in electrical components in electric circuits.

43. Energy
It is described as energy absorbed or delivered by an electrical circuit.
Unit : joule

44. Efficiency (electrical)
It is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed.
Typically denoted by the Greek small letter eta (η)

45. Electrical Basic
Basic Components
Resistance
Inductance
Capacitance

46. Resistance

47. Instrumentation Basics
Urvish Soni

48. Back To Basics Scope of Instrumentation in industries For automation
For safe and continues operation of the plant
For meeting the huge production targets
For controlling environmental factors

49. Significance of Instrumentation & control
Instrumentation is eyes and ears of any process.
Without IC it is difficult to run continues process operation
IC helps to automate the process which provides safety to the process and reduces human efforts
IC increases human comfort
And many more….

50. Evolution of Instrumentation
Manual to automation
Recorders to Online Trends
Pneumatic to Digital

51. Basic terms related to instrumentation & control
Input
System / Process
Output
Feedback
Error
Process variable (Controlled variable)
Control variable (Manipulated Variable)

52. Block Diagram

53. Process variable (Controlled variable)
process variable: a quantity which is controlled in a control system is called process variable.

55. Control variable (Manipulated Variable)

56. Input feed is raw material for the process
Input is set point generally electrical signal.

57. System
system: a set of elements which are connected together and works for a particular task.
System is where input in feed to it and with help of control mechanism input will be converted in to desired output

58. Output After a process on input it is the outcome of the whole system
Output: controlled value of controlled variable is called output.

59. feedback
Feedback: a signal is given to the comparator as per the value of process variable (Controlled variable) is called feedback.

60. Generalized block diagram of Instrumentation System
Five Stages:
Controlling Stage
Correcting Stage
Plant or Process to be controlled
Measuring Stage
Feedback Stage

61. Controlling Stage Two units in this stage: Comparator
Amplifier and Signal Processing Unit

62. Correcting Stage Two units in this stage: Controller
Final Control Element

63. Plant or Process to be controlled
Process Variable

64. Measuring Stage Two units in this stage:
Sensing Stage / Transducer Stage
Measuring Unit

65. Feedback Stage
Takes signal from Output and gives output to comparator

66. Characteristics of instrumentation system
Two parts
Static
Dynamic