1. Organic chemistry A Chapter 7 Role of the solvent By Prof. Dr. Adel M
Organic chemistry A Chapter 7 Role of the solvent By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza

4. Solubility of organic compounds

5. Protic and aprotic solvents Protic solvents are solvents containing hydrogen that is attached to oxygen or nitrogen. They solvate cations through unshared pairs, and anions throaugh hydrogen bonding Examples : water, methanol, ethanol , acids

6. Aprotic solvents: Solvents that do not contain acidic hydrogens, They dissolve ionic compounds chiefly through their solvation of cations. The positive charge of the solvent is buried within the molecule

8. Effect of protic solvents in SN1 Reactions

10. Effect of protic solvents in SN2 Reactions

11. SN2 reactions (with negative nucleophiles) in aprotic solvents go as much as a million times faster than in alcohol or an alcohol-water mixture

12. The SN2 reaction: Phase-transfer catalysis